Chapter 5, Problem 5.6QP

Without referring to Figure 5.1, write Lewis dot symbols for the following atoms/ions: (a) Be, (b) K, (c) Ca, (d) Ga, (e) O, (f) Li⁺, (g) Cl^–, (h) S²⁻, (i) Sr²⁺, (j) N³⁻.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{Be}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Beryllium is $1s^2 2s^2$.  Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{Be}$ atom is two.  These two electrons can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{K}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Potassium is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1$.  Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{K}$ atom is one.  It can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{Ca}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Calcium is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2$.  Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{Ca}$ atom is two.  These two electrons can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{Ga}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Gallium is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^1$.  Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{Ga}$ atom is three. These three electrons can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of oxygen is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^4$.

Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{O}$ atom is six.  These six electrons can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{Li}}^{\text{+}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Lithium is $1s^2 2s^1$.  The valence electron of Li atom is one.  Removal of one electron from $\text{Li}$ atom gives ${\text{Li}}^{\text{+}}$ ion (cation).  Its Lewis dot symbol can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Chlorine is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5$.  The valence electron of Cl atom is seven. Addition of one electron to $\text{Cl}$ atom gives ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$ ion (anion).  These eight electrons can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Sulphur is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4$.  The valence electron of S atom is six. Addition of two electrons to $\text{S}$ atom gives ${\text{S}}^{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ ion (anion). These eight electrons can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{Sr}}^{\text{2+}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Strontium is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2$.  The valence electron of Sr atom is two.  Removal of two electrons from $\text{S}$ atom gives ${\text{S}}^{\text{2}}{}^{+}$ ion (cation).  Its Lewis dot symbol can be shown as above.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions has to be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.6QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Nitrogen is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^3$.  The valence electron of N atom is five.  Addition of three electrons to $\text{N}$ atom gives ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$ ion (anion). These eight electrons can be shown as above.