Chapter 5, Problem 5.111QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The blank table should be filled.

Concept introduction:

Anion: negatively charged atom or a molecule is called anion and it has more number of electrons.

Cation: positively charged atom or a molecule is called cation and it has less number of electrons.

Naming the ions and ionic compound:

A monatomic cation is named by adding the word ion to the name of the element. Therefore, the ion of potassium $\left({\text{K}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ is known as potassium ion. Similarly, the cations formed by the elements magnesium $\left({\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ is called as magnesium ion and aluminum $\left({\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}\right)$ is called as aluminum ion. Some of the metals, particularly the transition metals form cations of more than one possible charge. For example, iron will form ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}$ and ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$. Cation with the smaller positive charge ending – ous to the cation and cation with the greater positive charge the ending –ic to the cation.

${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}$- Ferrous ion

${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$- Ferric ion

Some of the metal such as manganese (Mn) will form cations with three or more different charges. Therefore Roman numeral is used for the giving name for the inorganic compound. Roman numeral I indicates one positive charge, II means two positive charge, and so on.

For example,

${\text{Mn}}^{\text{2+}}$: Manganese(II) ion.

${\text{Mn}}^{\text{3+}}$: Manganese(III) ion.

${\text{Mn}}^{\text{4+}}$: Manganese(IV) ion.

A monatomic anion is ending with –ide along with ion, therefore, the anion of chlorine

(${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$) is called chloride ion. Similarly, the anions such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen

(${\text{C}}^{\text{4-}}{\text{, N}}^{\text{3-}}{\text{, and O}}^{\text{2-}}$) are called carbide, nitride, and oxide.