Chapter 5, Problem 5.100P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The moles of air that are present at $\text{1 atm}$ and $37°\text{C}$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

According to Boyle’s law, the volume occupied by the gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at the constant temperature.

The relationship between pressure and volume can be expressed as follows,

$PV=\text{constant}$

Here, $P$ is the pressure and $V$ is the volume.

According to Charles's law, the volume occupied by the gas is directly proportional to the temperature at the constant pressure.

The relationship between pressure and temperature can be expressed as follows,

$V\alpha T$

Here, $T$ is the temperature and $V$ is the volume.

According to Avogadro’s law, the volume occupied by the gas is directly proportional to the mole of the gas at the constant pressure and temperature.

The relationship between volume and mole can be expressed as follows,

$\text{V }\alpha n$

Here, $n$ is the mole of the gas and $V$ is the volume.

The ideal gas equation can be expressed as follows,

$PV=nRT$

Here, $P$ is the pressure, $V$ is the volume, $T$ is the temperature, $n$ is the mole of the gas and $R$ is the gas constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of molecules of gas that are present at $\text{1 atm}$ and $37°\text{C}$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The ideal gas equation can be expressed as follows,

$PV=nRT$

Here, $P$ is the pressure, $V$ is the volume, $T$ is the temperature, $n$ is the mole of the gas and $R$ is the gas constant.

The expression to calculate the number of moles substance is as follows,

$\text{Moles of substance}=\frac{\text{Given mass of substance}}{\text{Molar mass of substance}}$

The expression to calculate the number of atoms of the substance is as follows;

$\text{Number of atoms of substance}=\left(\text{Moles of substance}\right)\left(\text{Avogadro's number}\right).$