Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 4RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The phenomena of diffusion and osmosis. Also, give a reason for the firmness of plant leaves and terminology used for water pressure inside the plant cells.
Introduction:
The phenomenon of diffusion and osmosis is very common in day-to-day life. Diffusion can take place between gases, liquids, or solid-liquid. On the other hand, osmosis is a special case of diffusion of liquid. Both osmosis and diffusion are very important as they help in processes like photosynthesis, respiration, uptake of water by plants, and regulation of opening and closing of stomata.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1) A plant cell with a pressure potential of 5 bars and an osmotic potential of -9 bars is in equilibrium with a surrounding solution that is open to the air. What is the water potential of the surrounding solution?
2) A plant cell, when initially placed in pure water, has an osmotic potential of -4 bars and a pressure potential of +2 bars.
a) Which way will water diffuse?
b) When will net diffusion stop?
c) When equilibrium is reached, what are the cell's osmotic potential and pressure potential values?
Discuss the following statement: “if plant cells contained intermediate filaments to provide the cells with tensile strength, their cell walls would be dispensable.”
You have an intact flaccid cell with a solute potential of -1.22MPa, you dropped
the cell in a solution of 4M concentration at 20°C.
a) In which direction water will flow? Why?
b) At equilibrium, what will be the cell and solution:
a. Water potential
b. Osmotic potential
c. Pressure potential
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 5 -
1. Membranes consist of a bilayer of ________....Ch. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion involves either _____...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4FTBCh. 5 -
5. After each molecule, place the two-word term...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 5 - Describe and diagram the structure of a plasma...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQ
Ch. 5 -
5. Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic....Ch. 5 -
6. Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Name the protein that allows facilitated diffusion...Ch. 5 - Imagine a container of glucose solution, divided...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 -
1. Different cells have different plasma...Ch. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration of...Ch. 5 - The fluid portion of blood, in which red blood...Ch. 5 - Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Draw and label a cell lipid bilayer and diagram how the following transport processes take place: passive diffusion of oxygen into the cell, facilitated diffusion of potassium into the cell, active transport of sucrose into the cell. Using different symbols (circles for oxygen, squares for sucrose, and triangles for potassium ions), show the relative concentrations (gradients) of these substances on the inside and outside of the cell. For example, to show that oxygen enters the cell by going “down” its gradient, you would draw more circles on the outside of the cell than inside the cell. Be sure to show and label membrane proteins when appropriate, and show the electric membrane potential using “+”s (pluses) on one side and “-”s (minuses) on the other side of the membrane. Also show the proton pump which uses ATP as a source of energy.arrow_forwardMark the flow of water with an arrow for cells that have been placed in solutions of differing tonicity. Indicate what will happen to a plant and animal cell under each of these conditions. Direction of osmosis Plant cell Animal cell shape shape minor swelling The solute concentration outside the cell is isotonic (or equal) to the inside of the cell. No change swelling and lysis plasmolysis crenation Reset Zoom (a) Outside isotonic The solute concentration outside the cell is hypertonic to the inside of the cell. (b) Outside hypertonic The solute concentration outside the cell is hypotonic to the inside of the cell. (c) Outside hypotonic Oo Solute Cytosol ©2018 McGraw-Hill Education. Check marrow_forwardUnder what environmental conditions does water move into a cell byosmosis?arrow_forward
- Describe how extracellular solute concentration affects osmosis across theplasma membrane.arrow_forwardExplain how salt concentrations contribute to the cell membrane intergrity in cells? What are the three different scenarios that could occur and why?arrow_forwardWhat is the role of lysozyme and a low ionic strength extraction buffer? Select all that apply. Cells absorb water from a low ionic strength extraction buffer, by osmosis, swell and lyse, releasing their contents Lysozyme breaks down bonds in the cellulose cell wall of plants, weakening the structure Cells release water into a low ionic strength extraction buffer by osmosis, shrink and lyse, releasing their contents Lysozyme is an enzyme found in lysosomes in cells Lysozyme breaks down bonds in the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria, weakening the structure Lysozyme is an antibiotic found in tears, saliva, human milk and mucus.arrow_forward
- A) Based on the drawings above, which molecules were able to diffuse through the 150 MWCO membrane? B) Which molecules(s) were not able to diffuse? Why not? C) Which side of the chamber had the greater osmolarity/osmotic pressure and how could you tell?arrow_forwardThe following diagram shows the effect of osmotic concentration on a plant cell. Using the terms isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic identify what is happening in each cell and state what each term means and which cell it applies to. Plant cells cell wall -nucleus cell membrane -central vacuole -chloroplast Paragraph B I U v A !!! liliarrow_forwardThe mangrove is a type of tree that lives along coasts, with its roots growing in highly saline water (water with lots of dissolved salt). Scientists have recently learned that mangroves are able to undergo a process similar to reverse osmosis in the tips of their roots. As a result, the water entering the mangrove's body is significantly less salty than the water surrounding its roots. As opposed to artificial reverse osmosis, which uses pressure generated by pumps to force water through a membrane, the mangrove's "passive" reverse osmosis uses negative pressure generated by water evaporating from the mangrove's leaves to pull fresh water through membrane-like structures in its roots. Technology based on the red mangrove's version of "reverse osmosis" is already being developed, and there is hope it may lead to a much less energy-intensive method of desalination (removing salt from water). Develop a potential explanation as to why it would be advantageous to the mangrove to desalinate…arrow_forward
- Explain: what is osmosis? what are hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic cells?arrow_forwardDirection: Read the following information and fill in the blanks. Water moves through membranes by diffusion; this process is called osmosis. Like solutes, water moves down its concentration gradient. Water moves from areas of water potential (high water concentration) and low solute concentration to areas of low water potential (low water concentration) and high solute concentration. In plants with a cell wall, osmosis is affected not only by the solute concentration but also by the resistance to water movement in the cell by the cell wall. This resistance is called turgor pressure (the physical pressure exerted on the cell). Question: 1. If the potato decreases in mass, then it is in a because 2. If the carrot increases in mass, then it is in a solution, solution, becausearrow_forwardThe following table depicts the rate of transport of a molecule into a cell as the external concentrations are changed. Based on what you know about the characteristics of membrane transport, the molecule is most likely transported by: a) passive transport b) simple diffusion across the membrane c) facilitated diffusion d) active transportarrow_forward
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