Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 5, Problem 4AC
Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves around parts of neurons, serving as insulation for the electrical signals that flow inside neurons carried by ions. Given the general roles of protein and lipids in the cell membrane, which component would you predict to be more abundant in these insulating cells? Explain.
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A phospholipid bilayer with equal amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids displays a specific permeability to glucose. What effect will increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the bilayer have on the membrane's permeability to glucose?
Name:
b) Cellular membranes are generally found in environments that contain lots of water. Draw a
diagram of what the phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane would look like if it were placed
in a hydrophobic environment. (**Note that you only have to draw the phospholipid bilayer, you
don't have to draw the other major components again as you did in part a)
c) What part or parts of a cellular membrane play(s) a role in determining the fluidity of the
membrane?
8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recogniti
receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described below:
a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically remov
from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membrane
protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protein, the
tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells.
Type of…
b) Cellular membranes are generally found in environments that contain lots of water. Draw a
diagram of what the phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane would look like if it were placed
in a hydrophobic environment. (**Note that you only have to draw the phospholipid bilayer, you
don't have to draw the other major components again as you did in part a)
c) What part or parts of a cellular membrane play(s) a role in determining the fluidity of the
membrane?
8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, reco
receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described be
a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically re
from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membra
protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protei
tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells.
Type of membrane protein: ans…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 5 -
1. Membranes consist of a bilayer of ________....Ch. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion involves either _____...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4FTBCh. 5 -
5. After each molecule, place the two-word term...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 5 - Describe and diagram the structure of a plasma...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQ
Ch. 5 -
5. Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic....Ch. 5 -
6. Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Name the protein that allows facilitated diffusion...Ch. 5 - Imagine a container of glucose solution, divided...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 -
1. Different cells have different plasma...Ch. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration of...Ch. 5 - The fluid portion of blood, in which red blood...Ch. 5 - Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Phospholipids form the main fabric of the plasma membrane. One feature of phospholipids is that when they are placed in an aqueous solution, they will self-assemble into a double layer (bilayer) that resembles the bilayer of the plasma membrane. This self-assembly occurs because phospholipids are hydrophilic at one end (the phospholipid head) and hydrophobic at the other end (the phospholipid tails). Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the figure. 1. First, drag labels of Group 1 to targets (a) and (b) to indicate whether these environments are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. 2. Next, drag the phospholipid layers (Group 2) to targets (c) and (d) to indicate how they are oriented in the plasma membrane. 3. Finally, drag labels of Group 1 to targets (e), (f), and (g) to indicate which portions of the membrane protein are hydrophilic and which are hydrophobic. Group 1 extracellular hydrophobic fluid © hydrophilic plasma membrane Group 1 Group 2 (f membrane protein Group 1 Group…arrow_forwardThe compositions of the inner and outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer are different. Why do these differences exist and how might they be of use to a living cell?arrow_forwardThe plasma membrane of E. coli is about 75% protein and 25% phospholipid by weight. How many molecules of membrane lipid are present for each molecule of membrane protein? Assume an average protein Mr of 50,000and an average phospholipid Mr of 750. What more would you need to know to estimate the fraction of the membrane surface that is covered by lipids?arrow_forward
- Aside from cholesterol, what other chemical components of the cell membrane contributes to its property of being fluid. Explain. NOTE: Please add references from different sources.arrow_forwardPhospholipids (Which is charged, what is the functional significance? Are they preferentially located on cytosolic or extracellular lipid monolayer? What is the functional significance of plasma membrane asymmetry?)arrow_forwardIn the "fluid " _______ cell membrane model, lipids are organized in a ________ arrangement, such that _______ portions of the lipids are exposed to either the interior or exterior of the cell, while the lipid portions are sandwiched in the middle of the membrane. As part of the cell membrane, a main function of peripheral proteins is to provide _________ , while a main function of proteins is to provide _________ . Other cell membrane molecules include a compound called __________, which functions to provide fluidity to rigid membranes and rigidity to fluid membranes; and surface carbohydrates, which function in the membrane not to provide energy, but instead to provide _________ _____ . Aminophospholipids (including PE and ) move to the inner leaflet of the membrane, by an enzyme known as the ._______ A main function of the cell membrane is to be very selective as to what is able to cross through, a condition known as a barrier.arrow_forward
- In the figure below, an integral membrane protein is shown. These proteins sit inside of cell membranes. Some integral proteins are membrane channels or transporters, while others serve as enzymes, receptors, or anchors. Describe the differences you would expect to see in the amino acid side chains on the outer surface of an integral cell membrane protein, as compared to a water-soluble globular protein. Be sure to discuss the chemical nature of the cell membrane in your answer.arrow_forwardA membrane consists of 50% protein by weight and 50% phosphoglycerides by weight. The average molecular weight of the lipids is 800 Da, and the average molecular weight of the proteins is 50,000 Da. Calculate the molar ratio of lipid to protein.arrow_forwardProteins may be bound to the exoplasmic or cytosolic face of the plasma membrane by way of covalently attached lipids. What are the three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the plasma-membrane bilayer? Which type is used by cell-surface proteins that face the external medium? By glycosylated proteoglycans?arrow_forward
- Of the following cell membrane lipids, which one 1) prefers to reside in the inner leaflet (or inner half) of the membrane bilayer, AND 2) is not zwitterionic at physiological pH (7.4)? 1. SM (sphingomyelin) is inner-leaflet & NOT zwitterionic 2. PC (phosphatidylcholine) is inner-leaflet & NOT zwitterionic 3. PS (phosphatidylserine) is inner-leaflet & NOT zwitterionic 4. 2 of these 3 responses are correctarrow_forwardIf the phosphoglycerolipids constituting the framework of the plasma membrane, these are what give it its functions. There are two main classes of membrane proteins: intramembrane proteins and peripheral protections. What is the distinction between intramembrane and peripheral proteins.arrow_forwardA researcher is isolating proteins from a cell via different techniques. They find that when the cell is ground with a blender, all of the proteins in the cell can be extracted. However if instead the cell membranes are agitated in a 1.2 M KCl mixture, only about 70% of the total protein is extracted.What class of membrane proteins are in this soluble extract and what forces normally hold them to the membrane?What class of membrane proteins are the 30% of proteins that remain behind, and what forces hold these proteins in the membrane? If a solution of ionic solids was not available, what other solvent systems could be used to extract these proteins?arrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license