PHYSICS:F/SCI.+ENGRS.,V.1
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553575
Author: SERWAY
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 5, Problem 33P
You have been called as an expert witness for a trial in which a driver has been charged with speeding but is claiming innocence. He claims to have slammed on his brakes to avoid rear-ending another car, but tapped the back of the other car just as he came to rest. You have been hired by the prosecution to prove that the driver was indeed speeding. You have received data as follows from the police: Skid marks left by the driver are 56.0 m long and the roadway is level. Tires matching those on the car of the driver have been dragged over the same roadway to determine that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the tires and the roadway is 0.82 at all points along the skid mark. The speed limit on the road is 35 mi/h. Construct an argument to be used in court to show that the driver was indeed speeding.
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Question 04
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Chapter 5 Solutions
PHYSICS:F/SCI.+ENGRS.,V.1
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