Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119390114
Author: Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 5, Problem 3.2SC
Summary Introduction
To find: The risk that a spore-forming bacterial species would run if it did not produce any spores until the conditions become adverse.
Introduction: A tough, dormant, non-reproductive structure produced by certain species of bacteria is termed as endospore. The main function of this endospore is to ensure the survival of the bacterium under unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 5 - Are viruses prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? Why or why...Ch. 5 - Compare surface-to-volume ratios of prokaryotes...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1.3SCCh. 5 - Prokaryotes lack mitochondria. What structure does...Ch. 5 - Compare peptidoglycan and teichoic acid as to...Ch. 5 - What takes place in the periplasmic space? Which...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2.3SCCh. 5 - Compare the cell walls of Gram-positive,...Ch. 5 - How do bacteria move in chemotaxis? Distinguish...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3.2SC
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- In 1928, British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming made an accidental discovery. He noticed that a fungus had contaminated one of the agar plates he had streaked with a bacterial species to be studied. The fungus prevented the bacteria from growing in the immediate area surrounding the fungus. Upon further investigation, Fleming found that the fungus produced a substance that was the agent responsible for killing the bacteria. He called this substance penicillin. Given this information, which statement best explains why Fleming's discovery is relevant to the general public today? O Fleming's attention to detail diverted his efforts to investigate bacteria and likely robbed humanity of important discoveries that he would have otherwise made. Fleming's sloppiness in the lab serves as a reminder to all researchers that sterile technique is critical to preventing unwanted fungal growth on bacterial plates. Fleming's discovery enabled the development of chemical substances as antibiotics to…arrow_forwardWhy do you think an infection caused by an endospore former might be harder to treat than one caused by a non-spore former?arrow_forwardIn 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a mold called Penicillium was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present. Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solution contained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth. Fleming then added the nutrient broth in which the mold had grown to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria died which was later used to develop antibiotics used to treat a variety of diseases. (Biology Corner) 1. What was the initial observation Fleming made? 2. What was…arrow_forward
- All bacteria produce spores. a) Trueb) Falsearrow_forwardA boy with advanced Duchenne muscular dystrophy developedpulmonary edema (accumulation of fluid in the lungs) and pneumoniacaused by a bacterial infection. His physician diagnosed the conditionin the following way: The pulmonary edema was the result of heartfailure, and the increased fluid in the lungs provided a site wherebacteria could invade and grow. The fact that the boy could notbreathe deeply or cough effectively made the condition worse. Howwould the muscle tissues in a boy with advanced DMD differ from themuscle tissues in a boy with less advanced DMD?arrow_forwardWhen do we make the determination that a bacterium is Gram positive? A) Safranin washes the crystal violet die out of the cell wall. B) Crystal violet die is not able to absorb into the cell wall. C) Alcohol does not wash the crystal violet die out of the cell wall. D) Crystal violet turns the bacterium a yellow color.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is TRUE? Log cell numbers 1 Time a) The generation time for bacteria is usually the same from species to species. b) In the lag phase, cell death exceeds cell division. c) Bacteria typically divide by budding, producing a daughter cell that is smaller than the parental cell. d) In the death phase, bacterial growth stops because of nutrient depletion and waste accumulation.arrow_forwardWhich statement about Yersinia pestis is false?a) Conditions inside human phagocytes activate virulence genes.b) The bacterium can form biofilms in the flea digestive system.c) Yops protein increases phagocytosis.d) The organism resembles a safety pin in certain stained preparations.e) It was responsible for the “black death” in Europe during the 1300s.arrow_forwardAlexander Fleming was working with bacteria called staphylococcus, which looked like bunches of grapes under the microscope. He could grow colonies of these bacteria on petri dishes with a growth medium. When he returned from vacation, he found that several of these dishes had become contaminated with a fungus. The colonies near where the fungus was growing had been destroyed. Fleming then grew the mold and purposefully added it to a petri dish that contained bacteria colonies. The colonies exposed to the mold died. Fleming named the substance within the mold that killed bacteria "penicillin." REASONING: If mold contains a substance that kills bacteria, then ... a) bacteria exposed to mold would be destroyed b) bacteria could be grown on a growth medium c) fungus can be grown as easily as bacteriaarrow_forward
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