The Solar System
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337672252
Author: The Solar System
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 5, Problem 32RQ
If you hold this textbook out at shoulder height and let go, at the instant you let go, does the book have potential energy? Kinetic energy?
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Question 04
in 20
Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Chapter 5 Solutions
The Solar System
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Today, what do we call the Aristotelean violent...Ch. 5 - Which of Keplers or Newtons laws best describes...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Prob. 5RQCh. 5 - If you drop a feather and a steel hammer at the...Ch. 5 - What is the difference between mass and weight?
Ch. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - An astronaut working in space near the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 5 - A car is on a circular off ramp of an interstate...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12RQCh. 5 - Prob. 13RQCh. 5 - An astronaut is in space with a baseball and a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 15RQCh. 5 - Prob. 16RQCh. 5 - Why did Newton conclude that some force had to...Ch. 5 - Why did Newton conclude that gravity has to be...Ch. 5 - Prob. 19RQCh. 5 - Prob. 20RQCh. 5 - Prob. 21RQCh. 5 - You are sitting next to a person who has twice as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 23RQCh. 5 - Why cant a spacecraft go beyond Earths gravity?Ch. 5 - Prob. 25RQCh. 5 - Balance a pencil lengthwise on the side of your...Ch. 5 - Prob. 27RQCh. 5 - Why can’t you leave Earth’s gravitational field...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29RQCh. 5 -
How do planets orbiting the Sun and skaters doing...Ch. 5 - Prob. 31RQCh. 5 - If you hold this textbook out at shoulder height...Ch. 5 - Today at the beach you see the highest of all high...Ch. 5 - Why is the period of an open orbit undefined?
Ch. 5 - In what conditions do Newtons laws of motion and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 36RQCh. 5 - Prob. 37RQCh. 5 - Prob. 38RQCh. 5 - How is gravity related to acceleration? Are all...Ch. 5 - Prob. 40RQCh. 5 - Prob. 41RQCh. 5 - Prob. 42RQCh. 5 - An astronomy textbook is to be dropped from a tall...Ch. 5 - Compared to the strength of Earth’s gravity at its...Ch. 5 - Compare the force of gravity on a 1 kg mass on the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5PCh. 5 - If a small lead ball falls from a high tower on...Ch. 5 - What is the circular velocity of an Earth...Ch. 5 - What is the circular velocity of an Earth...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9PCh. 5 - Describe the shape of the orbit followed by the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 11PCh. 5 - What is the orbital period of a satellite orbiting...Ch. 5 - What would be the escape velocity at the surface...Ch. 5 - Prob. 14PCh. 5 - A moon of Jupiter takes 1.8 days to orbit at a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SPCh. 5 - Prob. 2SPCh. 5 - Prob. 1LLCh. 5 - Prob. 2LLCh. 5 - Why is it a little bit misleading to say that this...
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