Connect with LearnSmart for Krauskopf: The Physical Universe, 16e
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781259663895
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Chapter 5, Problem 16MC
To determine
At a given temperature.
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Average kinetic energy of gas molecules is
a.
Directly proportional to absolute temperature
b. Independent of absolute temperature
Oc.
Directly proportional to the 4th power of absolute temperature
O d. Inversely proportional to absolute temperature
5. True or false. In each case, explain your answer quantitativeły. Information that you might find useful:
the escape speed from near Earth's surface is = 10*m/s.
(a) Helium atoms on the surface of the Earth can escape into space.
(b) Helium atoms moving at average speed on the surface of the Earth can escape into space.
(c) On average, a Helium atom on the surface of the Earth moves faster than a nitrogen molecule.
1. Suppose the amount of air in a person's lungs is 2.2 L, Calculate the number of moles of air molecules in the person’s lungs when the pressure there is atmospheric pressure. Note that the air is at 37.0°C (body temperature).
2. An expensive vacuum system can achieve a pressure as low as 1.05 × 10-7 Pa at 20°C, How many atoms are there in a cubic centimeter at this pressure and temperature?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Connect with LearnSmart for Krauskopf: The Physical Universe, 16e
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 5 - One gram of steam at 100C causes a more serious...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Heat transfer in a vacuum can occur by a....Ch. 5 - The fluid at the bottom of a container is a. under...Ch. 5 - The pressure of the earths atmosphere at sea level...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7MCCh. 5 - The density of freshwater is 1.00 g/cm3 and that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9MCCh. 5 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11MCCh. 5 - Prob. 12MCCh. 5 - Prob. 13MCCh. 5 - Absolute zero may be regarded as that temperature...Ch. 5 - Prob. 15MCCh. 5 - Prob. 16MCCh. 5 - Prob. 17MCCh. 5 - Prob. 18MCCh. 5 - Prob. 19MCCh. 5 - When a vapor condenses into a liquid, a. its...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21MCCh. 5 - Prob. 22MCCh. 5 - Prob. 23MCCh. 5 - Prob. 24MCCh. 5 - Prob. 25MCCh. 5 - The physics of a refrigerator most closely...Ch. 5 - Prob. 27MCCh. 5 - Prob. 28MCCh. 5 - Prob. 29MCCh. 5 - The second law of thermodynamics does not lead to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 31MCCh. 5 - Prob. 32MCCh. 5 - Prob. 33MCCh. 5 - Prob. 34MCCh. 5 - Prob. 35MCCh. 5 - Prob. 36MCCh. 5 - Prob. 37MCCh. 5 - Prob. 38MCCh. 5 - Prob. 39MCCh. 5 - A wooden plank 200 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 40 mm...Ch. 5 - Prob. 41MCCh. 5 - Prob. 42MCCh. 5 - Prob. 43MCCh. 5 - Prob. 44MCCh. 5 - Prob. 45MCCh. 5 - Running hot water over the metal lid of a glass...Ch. 5 - When a mercury-in-glass thermometer is heated, its...Ch. 5 - Three iron bars are heated in a furnace to...Ch. 5 - Why do you think the Celsius temperature scale is...Ch. 5 - Normal room temperature is about 20C. What is this...Ch. 5 - What is the Celsius equivalent of a temperature of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7ECh. 5 - You have a Fahrenheit thermometer in your left...Ch. 5 - Why is a piece of ice at 0C more effective in...Ch. 5 - Would it be more efficient to warm your bed on a...Ch. 5 - A cup of hot coffee can be cooled by placing a...Ch. 5 - A 150-L water heater is rated at 8 kW. If 20...Ch. 5 - Prob. 13ECh. 5 - Prob. 14ECh. 5 - Prob. 15ECh. 5 - Prob. 16ECh. 5 - Prob. 17ECh. 5 - An essential part of a home solar heating system...Ch. 5 - A 10-kg stone is dropped into a pool of water from...Ch. 5 - Why do tables of densities always include the...Ch. 5 - A room is 5 m long, 4 m wide, and 3 m high. What...Ch. 5 - A 156-kg coil of sheet steel is 0.80 mm thick and...Ch. 5 - A 50-g bracelet is suspected of being gold-plated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 24ECh. 5 - Mammals have approximately the same density as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 26ECh. 5 - Prob. 27ECh. 5 - Some water is boiled briefly in an open metal can....Ch. 5 - When a person drinks a soda through a straw, where...Ch. 5 - Prob. 30ECh. 5 - The three containers shown in Fig. 5-55 are filled...Ch. 5 - A 60-kg swami lies on a bed of nails with his body...Ch. 5 - A tire pump has a piston whose cross-sectional...Ch. 5 - Prob. 34ECh. 5 - A 1200-lb car is equally supported by its four...Ch. 5 - The smallest bone in the index finger of a 75-kg...Ch. 5 - A hypodermic syringe whose cylinder has a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 38ECh. 5 - Why does buoyancy occur? Under what circumstances...Ch. 5 - Two balls of the same size but of different mass...Ch. 5 - A wooden block is submerged in a tank of water and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 42ECh. 5 - Prob. 43ECh. 5 - Prob. 44ECh. 5 - Prob. 45ECh. 5 - Prob. 46ECh. 5 - Prob. 47ECh. 5 - Prob. 48ECh. 5 - Prob. 49ECh. 5 - Prob. 50ECh. 5 - Prob. 51ECh. 5 - Prob. 52ECh. 5 - A 200-L iron tank has a mass of 36 kg. (a) Will it...Ch. 5 - What are the equivalents of 0 K, 0C, and 0F in the...Ch. 5 - A certain quantity of hydrogen occupies a volume...Ch. 5 - A tire contains air at a pressure of 2.8 bar at...Ch. 5 - Prob. 57ECh. 5 - A weather balloon carries instruments that measure...Ch. 5 - To what Celsius temperature must a gas sample...Ch. 5 - Prob. 60ECh. 5 - Prob. 61ECh. 5 - Prob. 62ECh. 5 - Is it meaningful to say that an object at a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 64ECh. 5 - Prob. 65ECh. 5 - The pressure on a sample of hydrogen is doubled,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 67ECh. 5 - Prob. 68ECh. 5 - Prob. 69ECh. 5 - Prob. 70ECh. 5 - To what temperature must a gas sample initially at...Ch. 5 - Prob. 72ECh. 5 - Prob. 73ECh. 5 - You can safely put your hand inside a hot oven for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 75ECh. 5 - Prob. 76ECh. 5 - What is the advantage of installing the heating...Ch. 5 - Why does evaporation cool a liquid?Ch. 5 - Prob. 79ECh. 5 - Prob. 80ECh. 5 - Give as many methods as you can think of that will...Ch. 5 - How much heat is given off when 1 kg of steam at...Ch. 5 - Prob. 83ECh. 5 - Prob. 84ECh. 5 - Prob. 85ECh. 5 - Prob. 86ECh. 5 - Water at 50C can be obtained by mixing together...Ch. 5 - Prob. 88ECh. 5 - Prob. 89ECh. 5 - Prob. 90ECh. 5 - Prob. 91ECh. 5 - Is it correct to say that a refrigerator produces...Ch. 5 - Prob. 93ECh. 5 - Prob. 94ECh. 5 - An engine that operates between 2000 K and 700 K...Ch. 5 - Prob. 96ECh. 5 - Prob. 97ECh. 5 - Prob. 98ECh. 5 - Prob. 99ECh. 5 - Prob. 100E
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- One container is filled with helium gas and another with argon gas. Both containers are at the same temperature. Which molecules have the higher rim speed? Explain.arrow_forwardThe pressure gauge on a cylinder of gas registers the gauge pressure, which is the difference between the interior pressure and the exterior pressure P0. Lets call the gauge pressure Pg. When the cylinder is full, the mass of the gas in it is mi at a gauge pressure of Pgi. Assuming the temperature of the cylinder remains constant, show that the mass of the gas remaining in the cylinder when the pressure reading is Pgf is given by mf=mi(Pgf+P0Pgi+P0)arrow_forwardApproximately how many atoms thick is a cell membrane, assuming all atoms there average about twice the size of a hydrogen atom?arrow_forward
- The temperature of a gas is a measure of: a. the size of the molecules of the gas b. the average distance between the gas molecules c. the average potential energy of the gas molecules d. the average kinetic energy of the gas moleculesarrow_forwardThe temperature of a gas is a measure of: O a. the average distance between the gas molecules O b. the average potential energy of the gas molecules c. the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules O d. the size of the molecules of the gasarrow_forwardA sample of ideal gas is in a sealed container. The temperature of the gas and the volume of the container are both increased. What other properties of the gas necessarily change? (More than one answer may be correct.)A. The rms speed of the gas atoms B. The thermal energy of the gasC. The pressure of the gas D. The number of molecules of gasarrow_forward
- 1. Average atomic and molecular speeds (vrms) are large, even at low temperatures. What is vrms (in m/s) for helium atoms at 6.00 K, just two degrees above helium's liquefaction temperature? 2. The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than from Earth and is only 2.38 km/s. At what temperature (in K) would hydrogen molecules (molar mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity vrms equal to the Moon's escape velocity? 3.Hydrogen molecules (molar mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity vrms equal to 239 m/s. What is the temperature (in K)?arrow_forwardQ1) The rms speed of a gas molecule is more, if: a. molar mass of the gas is more b. molar mass of the gas is less c. temperature is zero d. temperature is lessarrow_forwardAverage kinetic energy of gas molecules is a. Independent of absolute temperature b. Directly proportional to absolute temperature C. Directly proportional to the 4th power of absolute temperature d. Inversely proportional to absolute temperaturearrow_forward
- 3. A possible equation of state for a gas takes the form P.V=R.T.e-VRT in which a and R are constants. P,V, T are the pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas, respectively. Show that ()T() P()v = -1. Hint: Take the natural log of this equation before you take the partial derivatives.arrow_forward3. Which statement does not describe Kinetic Molecular Theory? a. Gases are composed of atoms or molecules which are widely separated from one another. b. Gas molecules move at a very high speeds, traveling in straight paths but in random directions. c. Gas molecules collide with one another and with the walls of its container. d. The average kinetic energy of the molecules is determined by the gas temperature.arrow_forwardAn ideal gas is in a closed container. Which changes to its volume and temperature when taken together must cause a decrease in the gas pressure? Volume Temperature hich th alue o A. decrease increase B. decrease decrease C. increase increase D. increase decrease Q3 sh Under which conditions of pressure and density will a real gas approximate to an ideal gas? Pressure Density A. high high low B. high high O C. low low D. lowarrow_forward
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