Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321885326
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 14TYK
SCIENTIFIC THINKING Mercury is known to inhibit the permeability of water channels. To help establish that the protein isolated by Agre’s group was a water channel (see Module 5.7), the researchers incubated groups of RNA-injected oocytes (which thus made aquaporin proteins) in four different solutions: plain buffer, low concentration and high concentration of a mercury chloride (HgCl2) solution, and low concentration of a mercury solution followed by an agent (ME) known to reverse the effects of mercury. The water permeability of the cells was determined by the rate of their osmotic swelling. Interpret the results of this experiment, which are presented in the graph below.
Data from G. M. Preston et al., Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein, Science 256: 3385–7 (1992).
Control oocytes not injected with aquaporin RNA were also incubated with buffer and the two concentrations of mercury. Predict what the results of these treatments would be.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Name Zona A
Fill in the following statement:
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from incentration to concentration
Osmosis
is the diffusion of water
BEAKER
C
P
-
.
The call
BEAKER #2
P
♥
●
Op
20% 148
C
20% sal
0
..
10% KA
0
10
6
C
Date Geplemor 28.23
CELL ENVIRONMENTS E
*
.
#
The solution inside the beaker is:
The solution inside the cell is
% water
% salt
How will the water move? Into the cell or out of the cell?
This is ain)
How will the movement of water affect the cell? YRAMBU
% salt
% water
The solution inside the beaker is:
% water
% salt
The solution inside the cell is:
% balt
solution.
How will the water move? Into the cel or out of the call
How will the movement of water affect the cell
Table 4. 1.a Diffusion through a Semi-permeable Membrane.
Observation
Before Immersion
After 15 minutes of Immersion
Starch solution in the cellophane
Iodine in the beaker
Table 4.1.b Reaction of Starch to lodine Solution
Starch in Iodine Solution
Table 4.2. Osmosis
Solutions
Test Tube 1: 0.9% NaCl
(Isotonic)
Observe Shape of Red Blood Cells
Drawing
Test Tube 2: Distilled Water
(Нурotonic)
Test Tube 3: 3% NaCl
(Hypertonic)
Conclusion
In an experiment, a 0.001 (mole fraction) solution of polysaccharide in water is made and is placed in the compartment A (see Figure below). Compartment B is filled with pure water. The two compartments are separated by a porous semi-permeable membrane that allows the exchange of water molecules between the two compartments, but not that of the larger polysaccharide molecules
a) Show that the chemical potential of water in compartment A is lower than that in compartment B by 2.48 J/mol.
b) As a result of this chemical potential difference, water molecules will move from compartment B to compartment A. This causes the pressure in compartment A, relative to that in B, to increase. How would this affect the chemical potential of water in compartment B? When would the diffusion of water from B to A cease (i.e. equilibrium is achieved)?
c) Using your answer to part (b), work out the difference between the pressure in compartment A and B when…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Fill in the following concept map to review the...Ch. 5 - Label the parts of the following diagram...Ch. 5 - Which best describes the structure of a cell...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 5 - The sodium concentration in a cell is 10 times...Ch. 5 - The synthesis of ATP from ADP and a. stores energy...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion across a membrane requires...Ch. 5 - What are the main types of cellular work? How does...Ch. 5 - Why is the barrier of the activation energy...Ch. 5 - Relate the laws of thermodynamics to living...
Ch. 5 - How do the components and structure of cell...Ch. 5 - Sometimes inhibitors can be harmful to a cell;...Ch. 5 - Cells lining kidney tubules function in the...Ch. 5 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Mercury is known to inhibit...Ch. 5 - A biologist performed two series of experiments on...Ch. 5 - Organophosphates (organic compounds containing...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. (b) Identify the osmolarity of the apple.arrow_forwardCompound Sodium Lactate is isotonic solution. this mean that it a. reduces movement of sodium across the membrane b.prevent movement of water across the semi permerable cell membrane c. promotes movement of water out of the cell d. facilitates equal movement of water across the semi permerable cell membranearrow_forwardScientists let rice blast fungal infection cells attach to and attempt to penetrate six different polymer sheets for different lengths of time and in varying extracellular osmotic pressures (Figure 22.9). As the number of the sheet increases so does its hardness. Which of the following makes the most sense based on the data? 100- 60 40- 20- 192 incubation time (hr) 72 96 240 100- 80- 60- 40- 20- b-Oo 8 10 12 extracellular osmotic pressure, MPa Figure 22.9 Penetration as a function of incubation time (A) and extracellular osmotic pressure (B). Numbers 1 to 6 in both panels indicate the substrate, with lower numbers being softer substrates. Percent penetration goes down over time and as substrate hardness increases. If penetration of a substrate occurs at a particular external pressure, this indicates that internal pressure is high enough to allow penetration of the particular substrate. Harder substrates are more easily penetrated when extracellular osmotic pressures are low. The…arrow_forward
- Identify the movement of water in surrounding medium and intracellular environment, given these hypothetical conditions. a. surrounding medium (7% salt, 93 % water) b. intracellular environment - RBC (25% salt, 75% water) 2. a. surrounding medium (35% salt, 65% water) b. intracellular concentration - RBC ( 2% salt, 98% water)arrow_forwardYou fill a bag made of semipermeable membrane with a .5 mol/litre solution of sugar, seal it and immerse it into a .3mol/litre solution of salt and water. Which description best fits what will happen. 1) The environment is hypertonic to the contents, so the bag will shrink as water leaves the bag. 2)The environment is hypotonic to the contents, so the bag will expand as water enters the bag. 3) The environment is hypertonic to the contents, so the bag will expand as water enters the bag. 4) The environment is hypotonic to the contents, so the bag will shrink as water leaves the bag.arrow_forwardOsmosis and Red Blood Cells Imagine you are working in a research lab studying red blood cells. You prepare 5 mL solutions of salt dissolved in pure water at 0, 0.9, 1.5, and 5% NaCl. You have another solution of red blood cells, and you gently mix it and then add 100 uL of it to each of the three 5 mL solutions. You gently mix and observe a sample of each under the microscope. Results: Red blood cells look intact and normal in the 0.9% solution. In the 1.5% solution cells are present but look shriveled. In the 0 and 5% NaCl solutions, you do not see any cells at all! Exercise #2: Explain the results. Exercise #3: Would you expect to see the same effect as above on plant cells within intact plant tissue? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Using my chart attached which bags lost mass? Which molecule directly caused the decrease in mass? Describe what direction that molecule moved (in or out of the bag) and why that molecule moved in that specific direction.arrow_forwardUsing the attached chart which bags gained mass? Which molecule directly caused the increase in mass? Describe what direction that molecule moved (in or out of the bag) and why that molecule moved in that specific direction.arrow_forwardFor a lab on diffusion and osmosis, where a egg yolk was placed in a cup water the following question asks Consider a scenario in which the size of an egg yolk remains unchanged after in water soaking for an hour. What are two possible explanations as to why this occurs? What would two reasons be for the yolk to be unchanged after a hour in water?arrow_forward
- In an experiment, a 0.001 (mole fraction) solution of polysaccharide in water is made and is placed in the compartment A. Compartment B is filled with pure water. The two compartments are separated by a porous semi-permeable membrane that allows the exchange of water molecules between the two compartments, but not that of the larger polysaccharide molecules. part 1: Show that the chemical potential of water in compartment A is lower than that in compartment B by 2.48 J/mol.arrow_forwardPlease answer.... a) State which series depcit tubes that were placed in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic environments. b) In the above graph, which tubes appear to show internal turgor pressure counteracting osmosis? Explain how you can tell this by looking at the graph.arrow_forward1) Draw a model of the plasma membrane to form a cell. Include a tube embedded in the membrane. Show 2 water molecules inside the cell and 12 water molecules outside the cell. Indicate which way the water will move through the aquaporin with an arrow. a) Using your knowledge of membrane transport, which direction will the water molecules move through the aquaporin? Why? b) Why would water have a difficult time crossing the cell membrane? Keep in mind the structure of water in your answer. 2) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes. a) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Photosynthesis & Respiration | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XIyweZg6Sw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY