
For reactions in condensed phases ( liquids and solids), the difference between ΔH and ΔU is usually quite small. This statement holds for reactions carried out under atmospheric conditions. For certain geochemical processes, however, the external pressure may be so great that ΔH and ΔU At can differ by a significant amount. A well known example it the slow conversion of graphite to diamond under Earth's surface Calculate ΔH−ΔU for the conversion of 1 mole of graphite to t mole of diamond at a pressure of 50.000 atm. The densities of graphite and diamond are 2. 25g/m2and 3.52 g/cm2, respectively.

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