
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The chiral center in the molecular model of thalidomide is to be identified and its absolute configuration as R or S is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
When a tetrahedral carbon atom is connected to four different atoms or groups, then that carbon is called a chiral carbon or chiral center.
The absolute configuration is the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of substituents attached to a chiral center.
The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rule system lists the substituents bonded to the chiral center in the order of decreasing atomic number. A higher atomic number has a higher priority over a lower atomic number for the substituent.
When there are two identical atoms directly attached to the chirality center, then they are ranked on the basis of the
If an atom has multiple bonds, it is considered to be replicated as a substituent on that atom.
If isotopes are present, they are ranked on the basis of their
The molecule is oriented such that the lowest ranked group points away from the observer.
If the remaining three groups in order of decreasing priority trace a clockwise path, the configuration is R.
If the remaining three groups in order of decreasing priority trace a counter clockwise path, the configuration is S.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-PACKAGE
- 10. The most important reason why Br- is a better nucleophile than Cl-is ___. A. polarizability; B. size; C. solvation; D. basicity; E. polarity. Please include all steps. Thanks!arrow_forwardPredicting the qualitative acid-base properties of salts Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases: base acid Ка K₁₁ name formula name formula nitrous acid HNO2 4.5×10 4 pyridine CHEN 1.7 × 10 9 4 hydrofluoric acid HF 6.8 × 10 methylamine CH3NH2 | 4.4 × 10¯ Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on. solution 0.1 M NaNO2 0.1 M KF pH choose one v choose one v 0.1 M C5H5NHBr 0.1 M CH3NH3CI choose one v ✓ choose one 1 (lowest) 2 ☑ 3 4 (highest) 000 18 Ararrow_forward4. The major product from treatment of 2-propanol with the Jonesreagent is ___.A. acetone; B. none of the other answers is correct C. propene; D.propanoic acid; E carbon dioxide. Please include all steps! Thank you!arrow_forward
- 7. All of the following compounds that are at the same oxidation levelare ___.u. methyl epoxide, v. propyne, w. propanal, x. propene,y. 2,2-dihydroxypropane, z. isopropanol?A. u,v,w,y; B. u,v,w; C. v,w,y,z; D. v, z; E. x,y,z Please include all steps. Thank you!arrow_forward9. Which one of the following substituents is the worst leaving group inan SN2 reaction? A. -NH2; B. -OH; C. –F; D. NH3; E. H2O Please include all steps. Thanks!arrow_forwardUsing the general properties of equilibrium constants At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction is 2.5 × 105: CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) Use this information to complete the following table. Suppose a 7.0 L reaction vessel is filled with 1.7 mol of CO and 1.7 mol of H2O. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium? What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. CO2(9)+H2(g) CO(g)+H₂O(g) What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 3 CO(g)+3H2O(g) = 3 CO2(g)+3H2(g) There will be very little CO and H2O. x10 There will be very little CO2 and H2. 000 Neither of the above is true. K = ☐ K = ☐ 18 Ararrow_forward
- 8. When ethane thiol is treated with hydrogen peroxide the product is___.A. ethane disulfide; B. diethyl sulfide; C. ethane sulfoxide; D. ethanesulfate; E. ethyl mercaptan. Please include all steps. Thanks!arrow_forward5. The major product of the three step reaction that takes place when 1-propanol is treated with strong acid is?A. dipropyl ether; B. propene; C. propanal; D. isopropyl propyl ether;E. 1-hexanol Please include all steps. Thank you!arrow_forward6. The formula of the product of the addition of HCN to benzaldehydeis ___.A. C8H7NO; B. C8H6NO; C. C14H11NO; D. C9H9NO; E. C9H8NO Please include all steps. Thank you!arrow_forward
- Predicting the qualitative acid-base properties of salts Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases: base acid K K a name formula name formula nitrous acid HNO2 4.5×10 hydroxylamine HONH2 1.1 × 10 8 hypochlorous acid HCIO 8 3.0 × 10 methylamine CH3NH2 | 4.4 × 10¯ 4 Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on. 0.1 M KCIO solution PH choose one 0.1 M NaNO2 0.1 M CH3NH3Br 0.1 M NaBr choose one ✓ choose one v ✓ choose one 1 (lowest) ☑ 2 3 4 (highest)arrow_forwardFor this Orgo problem, don't worry about question 3 below it. Please explain your thought process, all your steps, and also include how you would tackle a similar problem. Thank you!arrow_forwardUsing the general properties of equilibrium constants At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction is 0.84: H2(g) + 2(g) 2 HI(g) = Use this information to complete the following table. Suppose a 34. L reaction vessel is filled with 0.79 mol of HI. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium? There will be very little H2 and 12. ☐ x10 There will be very little HI. Neither of the above is true. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 2 HI(g) H₂(9)+12(9) K = What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 2 H2(g)+212(9) 4 HI(g) K = ☐ ☑arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
