The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn. Concept Introduction: Newman projection: The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing . Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom. The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain. In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle. The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained. The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered. Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Question

#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4.8, Problem 20PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

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#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4.8, Problem 20PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4.8, Problem 20PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4.8, Problem 20PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4.8, Problem 20PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 6

Chapter 4.8, Problem 20PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 7

Chapter 4.8, Problem 20PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest and lowest energy conformations of giving compound should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Newman projection:

The conformational isomers are representing by the Newman projection drawing.

Newman projection representing by front carbon atom connected to 3 groups then the 3 groups connected circle is a back carbon atom.

The dark wedge is represent the out of the plain then the light wedge is represent the inside the plain.

In the Newman projection, the atoms or groups are attached to the center carbon by angle of 60° and this is called as a dihedral angle.

The dihedral angle is varying by the rotation of C-C bond, result of this there are two conformations are obtained and this are staggered and eclipsed conformations obtained.

The highest energy conformation is eclipsed and lowest energy conformation is staggered.

Interaction between the groups present in the front and back carbon atoms are increases the energy of a compound all so increases.

Answer 14

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Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 3ATS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 7PTS

Chapter 4 Solutions