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Concept explainers
25–28 ■ Law of Cooling These exercises use Newton’s Law of Cooling.
Cooling Soup A hot bowl of soup is served at a dinner party. It starts to cool according to Newton’s Law of Cooling, so its temperature at time t is given by
where t is measured in minutes and T is measured in
(a) What is the initial temperature of the soup?
(b) What is the temperature after 10 min?
(c) After how long will the temperature be
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Algebra and Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)
- Define Newton’s Law of Cooling. Then name at least three real-world situations where Newton’s Law of Cooling would be applied.arrow_forwardWaterWater flows into a tank, and a certain part of it drains out through a valve. The volume v in cubic feet of water in the tank at time t satisfies the equation dvdt=5(v/3). If the process continues for a long time, how much water will be in the tank?arrow_forwardVan der Waals Equation In Exercise 18 at the end of Section 2.3, we discussed the ideal gas law, which shows the relationship among volume V, pressure p, and temperature T for a fixed amount 1 mole of a gas. But chemists believe that in many situations, the van der Waals equation gives more accurate results. If we measure temperature T in kelvins, volume V in liters, and pressure p in atmosphere 1 atm is the pressure exerted by the atmosphere at sea level, then the relationship for carbon dioxide is given by p=0.082TV0.0433.592V2atm What volume does this equation predict for 1 mole of carbon dioxide at 500 kelvins and 100 atm?Suggestion: Consider volumes ranging from 0.1 to 1 liter.arrow_forward
- A bottle of soda with a temperature of 71 Fahrenheit was taken off a shelf and placed ina refrigerator with an internal temperature of 35 .After ten minutes, the internal temperature of thesoda was 63F . Use Newton’s Law of cooling towrite a formula that models this situation. To thenearest degree, what will the temperature of thesoda be after one hour?arrow_forwardThe Beer-Lambert Law As sunlight passes through the waters of lakes and oceans, the light is absorbed, and the deeper it penetrates, the more its intensity diminishes. The light intensity I at depth x is given by the Beer-Lambert Law: I=I0ekx where I0 is the light intensity at the surface and k is a constant that depends on the murkiness of the water see page 402. A biologist uses a photometer to investigate light penetration in a northern lake, obtaining the data in the table. Light intensity decreases exponentially with depth. Use a graphing calculator to find an exponential function of the form given by the Beer-Lambert Law to model these data. What is the light intensity I0 at the surface on this day, and what is the murkiness constant k for this lake? Hint: If your calculator gives you a function of the form I=abx, convert this to the form you want using the identities bx=eln(bx)=exlnb. See Example 1b. Make a scatter plot of the data, and graph the function that you found in part a on your scatter plot. If the light intensity drops below 0.15 lumen lm, a certain species of algae cant survive because photosynthesis is impossible. Use your model from part a to determine the depth below which there is insufficient light to support this algae. Depth ft Light intensity lm Depth ft Light intensity lm 5 10 15 20 13.0 7.6 4.5 2.7 25 30 35 40 1.8 1.1 0.5 0.3arrow_forward
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