To propose a hypothesis: How steroid and thyroid hormone receptor encode genes that evolved. Concept introduction: Endocrine cells secrete hormones into the extracellular fluids, which are signaling molecules. The secreted hormones reach target cells through the bloodstream. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on the corresponding receptors and they act through the chemical signals. They maintain homeostasis and regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism and fluid concentration in the body. Both thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid soluble hormones, they can diffuse plasma membrane and bind to transport proteins inside the cells and also they bind to the cytoplasmic receptors. Both the receptors have structural similarities and they are from nuclear receptor “superfamily” of proteins. The steroid/thyroid receptor isoforms may be evolved from the same gene by post-translational modifications or splicing.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 45, Problem 9TYU

Summary Introduction

To propose a hypothesis: How steroid and thyroid hormone receptor encode genes that evolved.

Concept introduction:

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into the extracellular fluids, which are signaling molecules. The secreted hormones reach target cells through the bloodstream. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on the corresponding receptors and they act through the chemical signals. They maintain homeostasis and regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism and fluid concentration in the body.

Both thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid soluble hormones, they can diffuse plasma membrane and bind to transport proteins inside the cells and also they bind to the cytoplasmic receptors. Both the receptors have structural similarities and they are from nuclear receptor “superfamily” of proteins. The steroid/thyroid receptor isoforms may be evolved from the same gene by post-translational modifications or splicing.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 45, Problem 9TYU

Summary Introduction

To propose a hypothesis: How steroid and thyroid hormone receptor encode genes that evolved.

Concept introduction:

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into the extracellular fluids, which are signaling molecules. The secreted hormones reach target cells through the bloodstream. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on the corresponding receptors and they act through the chemical signals. They maintain homeostasis and regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism and fluid concentration in the body.

Both thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid soluble hormones, they can diffuse plasma membrane and bind to transport proteins inside the cells and also they bind to the cytoplasmic receptors. Both the receptors have structural similarities and they are from nuclear receptor “superfamily” of proteins. The steroid/thyroid receptor isoforms may be evolved from the same gene by post-translational modifications or splicing.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 45, Problem 9TYU

Summary Introduction

To propose a hypothesis: How steroid and thyroid hormone receptor encode genes that evolved.

Concept introduction:

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into the extracellular fluids, which are signaling molecules. The secreted hormones reach target cells through the bloodstream. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on the corresponding receptors and they act through the chemical signals. They maintain homeostasis and regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism and fluid concentration in the body.

Both thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid soluble hormones, they can diffuse plasma membrane and bind to transport proteins inside the cells and also they bind to the cytoplasmic receptors. Both the receptors have structural similarities and they are from nuclear receptor “superfamily” of proteins. The steroid/thyroid receptor isoforms may be evolved from the same gene by post-translational modifications or splicing.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 45, Problem 9TYU

Summary Introduction

To propose a hypothesis: How steroid and thyroid hormone receptor encode genes that evolved.

Concept introduction:

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into the extracellular fluids, which are signaling molecules. The secreted hormones reach target cells through the bloodstream. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on the corresponding receptors and they act through the chemical signals. They maintain homeostasis and regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism and fluid concentration in the body.

Both thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid soluble hormones, they can diffuse plasma membrane and bind to transport proteins inside the cells and also they bind to the cytoplasmic receptors. Both the receptors have structural similarities and they are from nuclear receptor “superfamily” of proteins. The steroid/thyroid receptor isoforms may be evolved from the same gene by post-translational modifications or splicing.

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Answer 5

Chapter 45, Problem 9TYU

Summary Introduction

To propose a hypothesis: How steroid and thyroid hormone receptor encode genes that evolved.

Concept introduction:

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into the extracellular fluids, which are signaling molecules. The secreted hormones reach target cells through the bloodstream. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on the corresponding receptors and they act through the chemical signals. They maintain homeostasis and regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism and fluid concentration in the body.

Both thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid soluble hormones, they can diffuse plasma membrane and bind to transport proteins inside the cells and also they bind to the cytoplasmic receptors. Both the receptors have structural similarities and they are from nuclear receptor “superfamily” of proteins. The steroid/thyroid receptor isoforms may be evolved from the same gene by post-translational modifications or splicing.

Answer 6

Chapter 45, Problem 9TYU

Summary Introduction

To propose a hypothesis: How steroid and thyroid hormone receptor encode genes that evolved.

Concept introduction:

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into the extracellular fluids, which are signaling molecules. The secreted hormones reach target cells through the bloodstream. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on the corresponding receptors and they act through the chemical signals. They maintain homeostasis and regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism and fluid concentration in the body.

Both thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid soluble hormones, they can diffuse plasma membrane and bind to transport proteins inside the cells and also they bind to the cytoplasmic receptors. Both the receptors have structural similarities and they are from nuclear receptor “superfamily” of proteins. The steroid/thyroid receptor isoforms may be evolved from the same gene by post-translational modifications or splicing.

Answer 7

Chapter 45, Problem 9TYU

Summary Introduction

To propose a hypothesis: How steroid and thyroid hormone receptor encode genes that evolved.

Concept introduction:

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into the extracellular fluids, which are signaling molecules. The secreted hormones reach target cells through the bloodstream. Hormones bind only to specific cells based on the corresponding receptors and they act through the chemical signals. They maintain homeostasis and regulate growth, development, blood pressure, metabolism and fluid concentration in the body.

Both thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid soluble hormones, they can diffuse plasma membrane and bind to transport proteins inside the cells and also they bind to the cytoplasmic receptors. Both the receptors have structural similarities and they are from nuclear receptor “superfamily” of proteins. The steroid/thyroid receptor isoforms may be evolved from the same gene by post-translational modifications or splicing.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 45.1 - How do response mechanisms in target cells differ...Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 45.2 - What are the roles of oxytocin and prolactin in...Ch. 45.2 - How do the two fused glands of the pituitary gland...Ch. 45.2 - WHAT IF? 2192 Propose an explanation for why...Ch. 45.2 - what if? Lab tests of two patients, each...Ch. 45.3 - If a hormone pathway produces a transient response...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 3CC

Solution Summary: The author explains how steroid and thyroid hormone receptors encode genes that evolved.

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