Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337793612
Author: PECK, Roxy.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4.5, Problem 59E
The authors of the paper “Delayed Time to Defibrillation after In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest” (New England Journal of Medicine [2008]: 9–16) described a study of how survival is related to the length of time it takes from the time of a heart attack to the administration of defibrillation therapy. The following is a statement from the paper:
We identified 6789 patients from 369 hospitals who had in-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (69.7%) or pulseless ventricular trachycardia (30.3%). Overall, the
Data from the paper on time to defibrillation in minutes) for these 6789 patients was used to produce the Minitab output and boxplot at the bottom of the page.
- a. Why is there no lower whisker in the given boxplot?
- b. How is it possible for the median, the lower
quartile , and the minimum value in the data set to all be equal? (Note—this is why you do not see a median line in the box part of the boxplot.) - c. The authors of the paper considered a time to defibrillation of greater than 2 minutes as unacceptable. Based on the given boxplot and summary statistics, is it possible that the percentage of patients having an unacceptable time to defibrillation is greater than 50%? Greater than 25%? Less than 25%? Explain.
- d. Is the outlier shown at 7 a mild outlier or an extreme outlier?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
King Tut was an ancient Egyptian ruler whose tomb was discovered and opened in 1923. Legend has it that the archaeologists who opened the tomb were subject to a “mummy's curse,” which would shorten their life spans. The article “The Mummy’s Curse: Historical Cohort Study” (M. Nelson, British Medical Journal, 2002:1482–1484) presents an investigation of the mummy’s curse. The article reports that 25 people exposed to the curse had a mean life span of 70.0 years with a standard deviation of 12.4 years, while a sample of 11 Westerners in Egypt at the time who were not exposed to the curse had a mean life span of 75.0 years with a standard deviation of 13.6 years. Can you conclude that the mean life span of those exposed to the mummy’s curse is less than the mean of those not exposed?
Vasectomies and Prostate Cancer. In the United States, approximately 450,000 vasectomies are performed each year. In this surgical procedure for contraception, the tube carrying sperm from the testicles is cut and tied. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between vasectomies and prostate cancer. The results of one such study by E. Giovannucci et al. appeared in the paper “A Retrospective Cohort Study of Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer in U.S. Men” (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 269(7), pp. 878–882). Of 21,300 men who had not had a vasectomy, 69 were found to have prostate cancer; of 22,000 men who had had a vasectomy, 113 were found to have prostate cancer.
a. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that men who have had a vasectomy are at greater risk of having prostate cancer? Consider men who had had a vasectomy Population 2.
b. Is this study a designed experiment or an observational study?…
2. Does the herb Echinacea help the common cold? A study investigated the impact of
echinacea vs. a standard cold medication on cold symptoms. Each subject in the study
chose to take either the echinacea or a standard cold medication in capsule fom After
taking the capsule for one week, the subjects then reported to the researchers the status of
their cold symptoms. The researchers subsequently reported that there was no
statistically significant difference in the duration of the cold between these groups.
Identify the type of study.
a) Cluster sample
b) Social acceptability bias
c) Experiment
d) Observational study
Chapter 4 Solutions
Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
Ch. 4.1 - The following are the prices (in dollars) of the...Ch. 4.1 - The article Caffeine Content of Drinks...Ch. 4.1 - Consumer Reports Health...Ch. 4.1 - Consumer Reports Health...Ch. 4.1 - The article The Wedding Industrys Pricey Little...Ch. 4.1 - The state of California defines family income...Ch. 4.1 - The report State of the News Media 2015 (Pew...Ch. 4.1 - Each student in a sample of 20 seniors at a...Ch. 4.1 - The U.S. Department of Transportation reported the...Ch. 4.1 - The ministry of Health and Long-Term Care in...
Ch. 4.1 - Houses in California are expensive, especially on...Ch. 4.1 - Consider the following statement: More than 65% of...Ch. 4.1 - A sample consisting of four pieces of luggage was...Ch. 4.1 - Suppose that 10 patients with meningitis received...Ch. 4.1 - A study of the lifetime (in hours) for a certain...Ch. 4.1 - An instructor has graded 19 exam papers submitted...Ch. 4.2 - The following data are costs (in cents) per ounce...Ch. 4.2 - Cost per serving (in cents) for six high-fiber...Ch. 4.2 - Combining the cost-per-serving data for high-fiber...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 4.2 - The accompanying data are consistent with summary...Ch. 4.2 - The paper referenced in the previous exercise also...Ch. 4.2 - The price (in dollars) of the eight smart phones...Ch. 4.2 - In addition to the prices of the highly rated...Ch. 4.2 - In an experiment to assess the effect of listening...Ch. 4.2 - The paper referenced in the previous exercise also...Ch. 4.2 - The accompanying data on number of minutes used...Ch. 4.2 - Give two sets of five numbers that have the same...Ch. 4.2 - Morningstar is an investment research from that...Ch. 4.2 - The U.S. Department of Transportation reported the...Ch. 4.2 - The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care in...Ch. 4.2 - In 1997, a woman sued a computer keyboard...Ch. 4.2 - The standard deviation alone does not measure...Ch. 4.3 - Based on a large national sample of working...Ch. 4.3 - The report Most Licensed Drivers Age 85+: States...Ch. 4.3 - Data on the gasoline tax per gallon (in cents) in...Ch. 4.3 - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services...Ch. 4.3 - Fiber content (in grns per serving) for 18 high...Ch. 4.3 - In addition to the fiber contents given in the...Ch. 4.3 - Use the fiber content and sugar content data given...Ch. 4.3 - The article The Bestand WorstPlaces to be a...Ch. 4.4 - The average playing time of music albums in a...Ch. 4.4 - In a study investigating the effect of car speed...Ch. 4.4 - The U.S. Census Bureau (2000 census) reported the...Ch. 4.4 - For the travel time distribution given in the...Ch. 4.4 - Use the information given in the previous two...Ch. 4.4 - Mobile homes are tightly constructed for energy...Ch. 4.4 - The article Impact of Berkeley Excise Tax on...Ch. 4.4 - A student took two national aptitude tests. The...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that your younger sister is applying for...Ch. 4.4 - The report Who Borrows Most? Bachelors Degree...Ch. 4.4 - The paper Study of the Flying Ability of...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that the manufacturer of a scale claims...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that your statistics professor returned...Ch. 4.4 - The paper Answer Changing in Multiple Choice...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that the average reading speed of students...Ch. 4.4 - The following data values are 2014 per capita...Ch. 4.4 - The accompanying table gives the mean and standard...Ch. 4.5 - The authors of the paper Delayed Time to...Ch. 4.5 - The paper Portable Social Groups: Willingness to...Ch. 4 - Acrylamide (a possible cancer-causing substance)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 62CRCh. 4 - Because some homes have selling prices that are...Ch. 4 - Although bats are not known for their eyesight,...Ch. 4 - For the data in the previous exercise, subtract 10...Ch. 4 - For the data of Exercise 4.64, multiply each data...Ch. 4 - The Bloomberg web site included the data in the...Ch. 4 - Refer to the data given in the previous exercise....Ch. 4 - Age at diagnosis for each of 20 patients under...Ch. 4 - Suppose that the distribution of scores on an exam...
Additional Math Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Reading, Writing, and Rounding Whole Numbers Write in words. 357
Mathematics for the Trades: A Guided Approach (11th Edition) (What's New in Trade Math)
For each hour of class time, how many hours outside of class are recommended for studying and doing homework?
Elementary Algebra For College Students (10th Edition)
Silvia wants to mix a 40% apple juice drink with pure apple juice to make 2 L of a juice drink that is 80% appl...
Beginning and Intermediate Algebra
First Derivative Test a. Locale the critical points of f. b. Use the First Derivative Test to locale the local ...
Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)
23. A plant nursery sells two sizes of oak trees to landscapers. Large trees cost the nursery $120 from the gro...
College Algebra (Collegiate Math)
Find all solutions of each equation in the interval .
Precalculus: A Unit Circle Approach (3rd Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A recent study set out to investigate the association between smoking and the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of heart attacks among adults in the US. Upon enrollment in the study, 1,232 adult participants were asked to report whether they had ever smoked more than one pack of cigarettes in the lifetimes. The participants were then examined for the development of CAD once a year for the following twenty years. Examinations found 106 cases of CAD among the 368 participants who had never smoked and 419 cases of CAD among the 864 participants who had ever smoked. 6) What type of study design was used? Explain. 7) Set up the 2X2 contingency table for the data. 8) For this type of study design, what is the appropriate measure to describe the strength of the association between the exposure and the disease? 9) Calculate the measure identified in question 8. 10) Interpret the measure calculated in question 9.arrow_forwardA study investigated the joint effects of sleep quality and sleep duration on the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 60,586 individuals aged 40 and older with no current or prior history of CHD were enrolled into the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sleep quality and duration at the start of the study, and 43,910 participants reported getting ³6 hours of sleep per day. Participants were followed for approximately 12 years, for a total of 152,000 person-years among those getting <6 hours sleep/day and 527,000 person-years among those getting ³6 hours sleep/day. Out of 2,740 participants who developed CHD throughout follow-up, 721 participants reported getting <6 hours of sleep per day at baseline. Question 10: What is the incidence rate of coronary heart disease among all participants in the study?arrow_forwardA recent study investigated the association between sudden cardiac death and smoking history in women from a large health system. The epidemiologist reviewed the electronic health records of women who died from sudden cardiac death (n=80) and women who died of non-cardiac causes (n=80). The investigator then reviewed these records for smoking history (smoking 1+ pack/day and smoking <1 pack/day) and identified the following results. Sudden Cardiac Death 38 42 Smoke 1+ pack/day Smoke <1 pack/day Calculate the most appropriate measure of association for these data (a)-round to the nearest tenth. Other Causes 10 70arrow_forward
- When asked, "How much time will you require to complete this task?" cognitive theory posits that people will typically underestimate the time required. Would the opposite theory hold if the question was phrased in terms of how much work could be completed in a given amount of time? This was the question of interest to researchers writing in Applied Cognitive Psychology (Vol. 25, 2011). For one study conducted by the researchers, each in a sample of 40 University of Oslo students was asked how many minutes it would take to read a 32-page report. In a second study, 42 students were asked how many pages of a lengthy report they could read in 48 minutes. (The students in either study did not actually read the report.) Numerical descriptive statistics (based on summary information published in the article) for both studies are provided in the accompanying table. Sample size, n Sample mean, Sample standard deviation, s Estimated Time (minutes) 40 60 41 Estimated Number of Pages 42 28 14 a.…arrow_forwardThe article “The Effect of Restricting Opening Hours on Alcohol-Related Violence” (S. Duailibi, W. Ponicki, et al., American Journal of Public Health, 2007:2276–2280) presented homicide rates for the years 1995–2005 for the town of Diadema, Brazil. In 2002, a law was passed requiring bars to close at 11 pm each night. After the law's passage, the homicide rate dropped by an average of 9 homicides per month, a statistically significant decrease. Which of the following is the best conclusion? a) It is reasonable to conclude that the law is responsible for a reduction of 9 homicides per month. b) It is reasonable to conclude that the law is responsible for a reduction in homicides, but the actual amount might be somewhat more or less than 9 per month. c) It is reasonable to conclude that the homicide rate decreased, but the law may not have anything to do with the decrease. d) It is plausible that the homicide rate may not have decreased at all after the passage of the law.arrow_forwardColonoscopy is a medical procedure that is designed to find and remove precancerous lesions in the colon before they become cancerous. The article “Association of Colonoscopy and Death from Colorectal Cancer” (N. Baxter, M. Goldwasser, et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 2009:1–8) reports that in a sample of 10,292 people diagnosed with colorectal cancer, 7.0% had previously had a colonoscopy, and in a sample of 51,460 people without colorectal cancer, 9.8% had previously had a colonoscopy. Can you conclude that the percentage of people who have had colonoscopies is greater in those without colorectal cancer?arrow_forward
- A paper describes a study of the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exams in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to determine if MRI exams do a better job than mammograms of determining if women who have recently been diagnosed with cancer in one breast have cancer in the other breast. The study participants were 940 women who had been diagnosed with cancer in one breast and for whom a mammogram did not detect cancer in the other breast.These women had an MRI exam of the other breast, and 111 of those exams indicated possible cancer. After undergoing biopsies, it was determined that 30 of the 111 did in fact have cancer in the other breast, whereas 81 did not. The women were all followed for one year, and four of the women for whom the MRI exam did not indicate cancer in the other breast were subsequently diagnosed with cancer that the MRI did not detect. The accompanying table summarizes this information. CancerPresent Cancer NotPresent Total MRI…arrow_forwardCheek teeth of extinct primates. The characteristics of cheek teeth (e.g., molars) can provide anthropologists with information on the dietary habits of extinct mammals. The cheek teeth of an extinct primate species were the subject of research reported in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 142, 2010). A total of 18 cheek teeth extracted from skulls discovered in western Wyoming were analyzed. Researchers recorded the dentary depth of molars (in millimeters) for a sample of 18 cheek teeth extracted from skulls. These depth measurements are listed in the accompanying table. Anthropologists know that the mean dentary depth of molars in an extinct primate species— called Species A—is 15 millimeters. Is there evidence to indicate that the sample of 18 cheek teeth come from some other extinct primate species (i.e., some species other than Species A)? The data are given below (you will need to put it into a single column). You will need to calculate the sample…arrow_forward1. Does the herb Echinacea help the common cold? A study investigated the impact of echinacea vs. a standard cold medication on cold symptoms. Each subject in the study chose to take either the echinacea or a standard cold medication in capsule form After taking the capsule for one week, the subjects then reported to the researchers the status of their cold symptoms. The researchers subsequently reported that there was no statistically significant difference in the duration of the cold between these groups. The variable duration of cold in this study would be the a) Explanatory variable b) Response variable c) Population d) Statisticarrow_forward
- A paper describes a study of the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exams in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to determine if MRI exams do a better job than mammograms of determining if women who have recently been diagnosed with cancer in one breast have cancer in the other breast. The study participants were 950 women who had been diagnosed with cancer in one breast and for whom a mammogram did not detect cancer in the other breast. These women had an MRI exam of the other breast, and 101 of those exams indicated possible cancer. After undergoing biopsies, it was determined that 30 of the 101 did in fact have cancer in the other breast, whereas 71 did not. The women were all followed for one year, and four of the women for whom the MRI exam did not indicate cancer in the other breast were subsequently diagnosed with cancer that the MRI did not detect. The accompanying table summarizes this information. Cancer Cancer Not Present Present Total MRI…arrow_forwardA researcher collected health information from 30 randomly selected patients living with diabetes. Reported below are the fasting glucose levels (mg/dL) for 15 males and 15 females. You want to know if there is a difference in fasting glucose levels between males and females. Fasting Fasting Gender Glucose (mg/dL) Gender Glucose (mg/dL) Male 74 Female 88 Male 72 Female 112 Male 66 Female 114 Male 90 Female 97 Male 86 Female 121 Male 87 Female 109 Male 101 Female 72 Male 99 Female 75 Male 108 Female 97 40 Male 101 Female 73 Male 78 Female 71 Male 112 Female 64 Male 75 Female 98 Male 73 Female 101 Male 88 Female 81 Variance = 204.81 Variance = 327.84arrow_forwardA heart study objective was to study heart disease among healthy volunteers.After a 10-year follow-up period involving men aged 40 to 59, there were 16 casesof coronary heart disease (CHD) among the 454 men who initially had cholesterollevels below 210 mg/100 ml (referred to as the low serum cholesterol group). Incontrast, among the 424 men whose initial cholesterol levels were at least 245mg/100 ml (referred to as the high serum cholesterol group), there were 51 cases ofCHD. With this information, Draw a 2x2 contingency table then calculate the relative risk (RR) associated with high serum cholesterol and provide an interpretation of the result.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Linear Algebra: A Modern IntroductionAlgebraISBN:9781285463247Author:David PoolePublisher:Cengage Learning
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction
Algebra
ISBN:9781285463247
Author:David Poole
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Hypothesis Testing using Confidence Interval Approach; Author: BUM2413 Applied Statistics UMP;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hq1l3e9pLyY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Hypothesis Testing - Difference of Two Means - Student's -Distribution & Normal Distribution; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcZwyzwWU7o;License: Standard Youtube License