
To define:
Various types of malignancy.
Concept introduction:
Carcinogenesis is also known as tumorigenesis, is the progression of cancer. Cancer is a group of diseases in which normal cells are transformed into genetically abnormal cells. Cancer is characterized by genetic or cellular changes, uncontrolled growth of cells, invasion, metastasis, and antiapoptosis. Cancer cells lack differentiation and maturation into specialized cells. Cancer cells invade adjacent tissues and travel to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system. Drugs, which are used to treat cancer is generally known as chemotherapeutic drugs or antineoplastic drugs. The major adverse effects of chemotherapy are immune suppression, gastrointestinal distress, fatigue, anemia, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and stomatitis. Most of the antineoplastic drugs cause adverse effects on rapidly dividing cells (for example, bone marrow cells, GI tract cells, and hair follicles).

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Chapter 45 Solutions
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process
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- overview of the neurological system, cranial nerves and what part of the body it innervatesarrow_forwarddifferentiate structure and function of the peripheral vascular system. what are the normal and abnormal findings of the peripheral arterioles and peripheral venous systemarrow_forwardAn overview of the skin, hair and nails epidermal appendages normal and abnormal findingsarrow_forward
- differentiate the twelve cranial nerves and how to test themarrow_forwardWhat are the nursing interventions for patients with GI problems ? What is the priority ?arrow_forwardAdult Nutrition Assessment Date of consultation: 3/2/25 Reason for Nutrition Assessment: Mrs. Clover was referred to the RD from the ER physician; patient experiencing weight loss, SOB & Edema Nutrition Assessment Data 69 YOF Ht 157 cm, Wt 53 kg. BMI 21.7 Usual wt 55 kg Heart: slight physiologic murmur; lungs: clear; extremities: 3+ edema to bilateral lower legs; elevated BP, abdomen: soft, nontender, active bowel sounds; neurologic: unremarkable; skin: diminished skin tugor. Biochemical Data BUN 72, Creatinine 4.6, Calcium 7.2, Phosphorus 7.3, glucose 105, BNP 720, Albumin 2.0, Na 125, K 3.3, CI 93. Hgb 11.5, Hct 33.2, ALT 29, AST 36, Alkaline phosphatase 120, other relevant labs pending result. Medications Include inhalers, Cymbalta, Neurontin, Seroquel, and topiramate, prilosec, solumedrol, rocephin, zithromax, NaCl 0.45%+50 MEQ sodium bicarbonate @100 ml/hr. No history of herbal supplements. Since her pneumonia diagnosis several days ago, she has felt too weak to prepare meals, she…arrow_forward
- Assuming you are a community health nurse, choose a community of your own and perform practically the following and report your findings: a. Community Assessment b. Community Diagnosisarrow_forwardDescribe practically how you would use a standing order in the diagnosis and treatment of a 10-year-old primary school pupil with a complaint of haematuria at the end of the urine.arrow_forwardSimple explanations, please. B. Why is an accurate diagnosis of malnutrition important? H. Is BMI a food indicator of malnutrition? I. Can an overweight/obese patient develop malnutrition? Why or why not?arrow_forward
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