a)
Interpretation:Minimum number of theoretical plates that is required in fractional distillation separation of mixture with
Concept introduction:Fractional distillation is separation technique that separates various fractions of components in mixture. This process is based on vaporization of one or more fractions or parts of mixture. It is used to separate components of mixture that have difference in boiling points less than
HETP is index that is used to measure efficiency of fractional distillation. It refers to height equivalent to theoretical plate. It denotes vertical length of column that is essential to achieve separation efficiency equivalent to one theoretical plate.
b)
Interpretation:Composition of first small amount of distillate obtained should be determined.
Concept introduction:Fractional distillation is separation technique that separates various fractions of components in mixture. This process is based on vaporization of one or more fractions or parts of mixture. It is used to separate components of mixture that have difference in boiling points less than
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- In fractional distillation, liquid can be seen running from the bottom of the distillation column back into the distilling flask. What effect does this returning condensate have on the fractional distillation?arrow_forwardHow many theoretical plates are required to produce a solution with a mole fraction of hexane greater than 0.90? Figure B A temperature-composition diagram for hexane (C6H14)-heptane (C7H16) mixtures.arrow_forward3. Refer to the phase diagram depicted below: When 7 moles of A and 3 moles of B are mixed at 50oC which is then cooled to 10oC the sample turns into two liquid phases, phase I has mole fraction xB=0.14 (see diagram below). Find the phase II mole fraction xB, and then calculate the ratio of amount of substance in phase I to that in phase II using Lever rule. Please enter your answer as a number with two decimals. for example, if the ratio you calculated is 2:3, you enter as 0.67arrow_forward
- Given that a mixture of nitric acid (bp 86 °C) and water forms a maximum-boiling-point azeotrope that boils at 120.7 °C with a composition of 67.4% nitric acid to 32.6% water. Construct an approximate boiling-point-phase diagram (with % composition on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis) for this system. Include the boiling points of pure nitric acid, pure water, and the boiling point of the azeotrope on your diagram. Describe the behavior on distillation of a mixture that is 80% water and 20% nitric acid.arrow_forwardCalculate the mass of naphthalene required to give a freezing point depression of 2.9°C when dissolved in the amount of cyclohexane specified in the procedure(15mL). For this prelab problem you should use the density of cyclohexane as being 0.7781 g/mL at room temperature.arrow_forwardUse a temperature-composition diagram to explain why fractional distillation of two components is more easily accomplished if the components have boiling points that differ by 20C or more.arrow_forward
- What is meant by a "negative deviation from Raoult's Law" for a mixture of two volatile compounds, and what causes such a deviation to occur? Format BIU 三 三= ... Formatarrow_forwardIn 6.75g of distillate >130C. After performing all necessary GC calculations, it is determined that this sample is 75.9% isopentyl acetate. What qas the actual mass(g) of isopentyl acetate that was actually in this sample? Answer to 2 decimal placesarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about fractional distillation are true.? Select all that are True. A)The lower the HETP (height equivalent to a theoretical plate) of the fractionating(packed) column the more efficient it is at separation of components. B)The distillation process involves several concurrent vaporization-condensation cycles. C)Continual change in boiling temperature is observed as the distillation progresses. D)Can ideally separate mixtures with comparable volatilities small BP differences. E)For good separation by distillation the volume of liquid condensing back to the pot should be lower than the volume of liquid distilling off.arrow_forward
- A simple distillation flask (V=2L) is initially charged with 320 moles of a solution consisting of 40 mole ethanol (A) and 60 mole % water (B). This solution is evaporated at a constant rate of 1.6 moles/min. The vapor is then condensed and collected in separate flask as distillate. Determine mole fraction of ethanol in the distillate when three-fifth (3/5) of the solution is evaporated and condensed. The equilibrium relation between XA (mol fraction of A in liquid phase) and ya (mol fraction. of A in vapor phase) is: Y/XA=2 Lütfen birini seçin: a.0.620 b.0.580 c.0.660 d.0.690 e.0.560arrow_forwardexplain why the boiling point of a two component mixture rises slowly throughout a simple distillation when the boiling-point differences are not largerarrow_forwardWhat is the percent error for the freezing point determination of the liquid substance?arrow_forward
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