Chapter 4.4, Problem 2E

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether simple or fractional distillation is more suitable to prepare drinking water from sea water should be determined.

Concept introduction: Simple distillation is separation technique that is used to separate mixture of organic compounds with difference in their boiling points more than $40°\text{C}$ . In other words, this procedure is applied for removal of nonvolatile impurities from volatile solvents. If one of the compounds in organic mixture is volatile, its vapors will form first and are converted into liquid with help of condenser. This way all of volatile compound gets converted into liquid and therefore it is separated from nonvolatile component.

Fractional distillation is separation technique that separates various fractions of components in mixture. This process is based on vaporization of one or more fractions or parts of mixture. It is used to separate components of mixture that have difference in boiling points less than $25°\text{C}$ .

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether simple or fractional distillation is more suitable to separatebenzene from toluene should be determined.

Concept introduction: Simple distillation is separation technique that is used to separate mixture of organic compounds with difference in their boiling points more than $40°\text{C}$ . In other words, this procedure is applied for removal of nonvolatile impurities from volatile solvents. If one of the compounds in organic mixture is volatile, its vapors will form first and are converted into liquid with help of condenser. This way all of volatile compound gets converted into liquid and therefore it is separated from nonvolatile component.

Fractional distillation is separation technique that separates various fractions of components in mixture. This process is based on vaporization of one or more fractions or parts of mixture. It is used to separate components of mixture that have difference in boiling points less than $25°\text{C}$ .

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether simple or fractional distillation is more suitable to obtain gasoline from crude oil should be determined.

Concept introduction: Simple distillation is separation technique that is used to separate mixture of organic compounds with difference in their boiling points more than $40°\text{C}$ . In other words, this procedure is applied for removal of nonvolatile impurities from volatile solvents. If one of the compounds in organic mixture is volatile, its vapors will form first and are converted into liquid with help of condenser. This way all of volatile compound gets converted into liquid and therefore it is separated from nonvolatile component.

Fractional distillation is separation technique that separates various fractions of components in mixture. This process is based on vaporization of one or more fractions or parts of mixture. It is used to separate components of mixture that have difference in boiling points less than $25°\text{C}$ .

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether simple or fractional distillation is more suitable to remove diethyl ether from $p\text{-dichlorobenzene}$ should be determined.

Concept introduction: Simple distillation is separation technique that is used to separate mixture of organic compounds with difference in their boiling points more than $40°\text{C}$ . In other words, this procedure is applied for removal of nonvolatile impurities from volatile solvents. If one of the compounds in organic mixture is volatile, its vapors will form first and are converted into liquid with help of condenser. This way all of volatile compound gets converted into liquid and therefore it is separated from nonvolatile component.

Fractional distillation is separation technique that separates various fractions of components in mixture. This process is based on vaporization of one or more fractions or parts of mixture. It is used to separate components of mixture that have difference in boiling points less than $25°\text{C}$ .