In each of Problems 1 through 26: (a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions. (b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type. (c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories X = x 1 i + x 2 j = y i + y ' j of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories. 9 y ' ' + 6 y ' + y = 0
In each of Problems 1 through 26: (a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions. (b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type. (c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories X = x 1 i + x 2 j = y i + y ' j of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories. 9 y ' ' + 6 y ' + y = 0
(a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions.
(b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type.
(c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories
X
=
x
1
i
+
x
2
j
=
y
i
+
y
'
j
of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories.
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Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p − 1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
p-1
2
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
23
32
how come?
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p-1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
2
p-1
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
23
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
2°
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
how come?
Shading a Venn diagram with 3 sets: Unions, intersections, and...
The Venn diagram shows sets A, B, C, and the universal set U.
Shade (CUA)' n B on the Venn diagram.
U
Explanation
Check
A-
B
Q Search
田
Chapter 4 Solutions
Differential Equations: An Introduction to Modern Methods and Applications
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