Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780813349107
Author: Steven H. Strogatz
Publisher: PERSEUS D
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Chapter 4.3, Problem 4E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The phase portrait ofa function
Concept Introduction:
The qualitative change in the dynamics of the flow with parameters is called bifurcation, and the points at which this occurs is called the bifurcation point.
To study the stability of the dynamical systems, bifurcation is used.
In Transcritical bifurcation mechanism, two fixed points exchange their stability instead of destroying.
In the transcritical bifurcation, fixed points exist for all values of the parameter.
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4. Consider Chebychev's equation
(1 - x²)y" - xy + λy = 0
with boundary conditions y(-1) = 0 and y(1) = 0, where X is a constant.
(a) Show that Chebychev's equation can be expressed in Sturm-Liouville form
d
· (py') + qy + Ary = 0,
dx
y(1) = 0, y(-1) = 0,
where p(x) = (1 = x²) 1/2, q(x) = 0 and r(x) = (1 − x²)-1/2
(b) Show that the eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville equation are extremals of the
functional A[y], where
A[y]
=
I[y]
J[y]'
and I[y] and [y] are defined by
-
I [y] = √, (my² — qy²) dx
and
J[y] = [[", ry² dx.
Explain briefly how to use this to obtain estimates of the smallest eigenvalue >1.
1
(c) Let k > be a parameter. Explain why the functions y(x) = (1-x²) are suitable
4
trial functions for estimating the smallest eigenvalue. Show that the value of A[y]
for these trial functions is
4k2
A[y] =
=
4k - 1'
and use this to estimate the smallest eigenvalue \1.
Hint:
L₁ x²(1 − ²)³¹ dr =
1
(1 - x²)³ dx
(ẞ > 0).
2ẞ
You recieve a case of fresh Michigan cherries that weighs 8.2 kg. You will be making cherry pies. Each pie will require 1 3/4 pounds of pitted cherries. How many pies can be made from the case if the yield percent for cherries is 87
Q/ show that the system:
x = Y + x(x² + y²)
y° =
=x+y (x² + y²)
9
X=-x(x²+ y²)
9 X
Y° = x - y (x² + y²)
have the same lin car part at (0,0) but they are topologically
different. Give the reason.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 1E
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 6E
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