Fundamentals of Physics Extended
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118230725
Author: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Chapter 43, Problem 45P
To determine
To calculate:
(a) the rate at which the Sun generates neutrinos.
(b) the rate at which the Sun’s neutrinos reach the Earth
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(a) Calculate the rate at which the Sun generates neutrinos. Assume that energy production is entirely by the proton–proton fusion cycle. (b) At what rate do solar neutrinos reach Earth?
The power output of the Sun is 4 × 1026 W.
Part (a) If 93 % of this is supplied by the proton-proton cycle, how many protons are consumed per second?
Part (b) How many neutrinos per second should be incident on every square meter of the Earth from this process? This huge number is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, since large detectors observe very few per day.
The probability of two protons tunneling in the Sun's core is Ptunnel 1010. This means that out of each
1010 pairs of protons, one pair tunnels successfully. Make an estimate showing that this probability can
account for the 1038 fusion reactions that take place each second in the Sun's core. Hint: Assume that
the Sun's core contains about 40% of its mass.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics Extended
Ch. 43 - Prob. 1QCh. 43 - Prob. 2QCh. 43 - Prob. 3QCh. 43 - Prob. 4QCh. 43 - Prob. 5QCh. 43 - Prob. 6QCh. 43 - Prob. 7QCh. 43 - Which of these elements is not cooked up by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9QCh. 43 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 43 - Prob. 11QCh. 43 - Prob. 12QCh. 43 - Prob. 1PCh. 43 - Prob. 2PCh. 43 - Prob. 3PCh. 43 - Prob. 4PCh. 43 - Prob. 5PCh. 43 - Prob. 6PCh. 43 - Prob. 7PCh. 43 - Prob. 8PCh. 43 - Prob. 9PCh. 43 - Prob. 10PCh. 43 - Prob. 11PCh. 43 - Prob. 12PCh. 43 - Prob. 13PCh. 43 - Prob. 14PCh. 43 - Prob. 15PCh. 43 - Prob. 16PCh. 43 - Prob. 17PCh. 43 - Prob. 18PCh. 43 - Prob. 19PCh. 43 - Prob. 20PCh. 43 - Prob. 21PCh. 43 - Prob. 22PCh. 43 - Prob. 23PCh. 43 - Prob. 24PCh. 43 - SSM a A neutron of mass mn and kinetic energy K...Ch. 43 - Prob. 26PCh. 43 - Prob. 27PCh. 43 - Prob. 28PCh. 43 - Prob. 29PCh. 43 - Prob. 30PCh. 43 - Prob. 31PCh. 43 - Prob. 32PCh. 43 - Prob. 33PCh. 43 - Prob. 34PCh. 43 - Prob. 35PCh. 43 - Prob. 36PCh. 43 - Prob. 37PCh. 43 - Prob. 38PCh. 43 - Prob. 39PCh. 43 - Prob. 40PCh. 43 - Prob. 41PCh. 43 - Prob. 42PCh. 43 - Prob. 43PCh. 43 - Prob. 44PCh. 43 - Prob. 45PCh. 43 - Prob. 46PCh. 43 - SSM WWW Coal burns according to the reaction...Ch. 43 - Prob. 48PCh. 43 - Prob. 49PCh. 43 - Prob. 50PCh. 43 - Prob. 51PCh. 43 - Prob. 52PCh. 43 - Prob. 53PCh. 43 - Prob. 54PCh. 43 - Prob. 55PCh. 43 - Prob. 56PCh. 43 - Prob. 57PCh. 43 - Prob. 58P
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- The power output of the Sun is 41026 W. (a) If 90% of this energy is supplied by the proton-proton chain, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the surface of Earth from this process?arrow_forwardThe power output of the Sun is 4×10^26 W. (a) If 90% of this energy is supplied by the proton-proton chain, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the surface of Earth from this process? Only part (b) is needed.arrow_forwardAbout 2% of the energy generated in the Sun’s core by the p-p reaction is carried out of the Sun by neutrinos. Is the energy associated with this neutrino flux equal to, greater than, or less than the energy radiated from the Sun’s surface as electromagnetic radiation?arrow_forward
- Recall that the solar constant – the flux of solar energy reaching Earth's vicinity- is about 1380 W/m^2. distance from the sun = 1 AU = 1.50×10¹1 m.) The Sun's energy originates from a chain of fusion reactions; each reaction chain releases 26.7 MeV of mass energy. At what rate does the Sun lose mass? Express the result in kilograms per year. (in kg/yr) OA: 8.554x1016 OB: 1.001×1017 OC: 1.171×10¹7 OD: OE: 1.370×10¹7 1.603 1017 OF: 1.875×1017 OG: 2.194×10¹7 (The OH: 2.567x1017arrow_forwardIf the sun releases 3.826 × 10 26 Joules of energy every second, how many fusion reactions does it take to produce this each second?arrow_forwardB: In a nuclear station, find the power produced by fissioning 5 grams of Thorium fuel (Th232) per one day. Mass number of Thorium is 232. Assume the number of fissions required for watt- second in Th232 is 6.2- 10 10arrow_forward
- 7arrow_forwardOne idea of fuelling an internal confinement fusion reactor is to use deuterium-tritium (D- T) pellets. Calculate how many 1 mg pellets of D-T material per second would be required for a 500 MVW reactor if 30 % of the material in each pellet were converted in internal confinement fusion.arrow_forwardFor a fusion reaction, at which temperature T do you expect the optimal reaction rate to approximately occur? In the expressions below EG is the Gamow energy of the reaction and k is the Boltzmann constant. Select one: O a. T O b. T O c. T O d. T O e. T = = = = = EG 100k 100EG k EG k 10EG k EG 10karrow_forward
- Calculate the binding energy in J/nucleon for carbon-12 (atomic mass= 12.0000 u) and uranium-235 (atomic mass= 235.0439 u). The atomic mass of 1 H is 1.00782 u and the mass of a neutron is 1.00866 u. The most stable nucleus known is 56Fe. Would the binding energy per nucleon for 56Fe be larger or smaller than that of 12C or 235U? Explain.arrow_forwardb) Calculate the thermal energy contained in plasma heated to 15 keV if theplasma density is 1020m−3and the plasma is in a vessel with a volume of 100 m3.Express the result in megajoules (MJ). (c) Can the neutrons produced in DD or DT fusion effectively heat the plasma?Explain.arrow_forwardIn what way are fission and fusion reactions similar? What are the main differences in these reactions?arrow_forward
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