Fundamentals of Physics Extended
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118230725
Author: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Chapter 43, Problem 10Q
To determine
To state:
If the energy associated with Sun’s neutrino flux more than, less than or equal to the energy
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About 2% of the energy generated in the Sun’s core by the p-p reaction is carried out of the Sun by neutrinos. Is the energy associated with this neutrino flux equal to, greater than, or less than the energy radiated from the Sun’s surface as electromagnetic radiation?
7
The probability of two protons tunneling in the Sun's core is Ptunnel 1010. This means that out of each
1010 pairs of protons, one pair tunnels successfully. Make an estimate showing that this probability can
account for the 1038 fusion reactions that take place each second in the Sun's core. Hint: Assume that
the Sun's core contains about 40% of its mass.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics Extended
Ch. 43 - Prob. 1QCh. 43 - Prob. 2QCh. 43 - Prob. 3QCh. 43 - Prob. 4QCh. 43 - Prob. 5QCh. 43 - Prob. 6QCh. 43 - Prob. 7QCh. 43 - Which of these elements is not cooked up by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9QCh. 43 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 43 - Prob. 11QCh. 43 - Prob. 12QCh. 43 - Prob. 1PCh. 43 - Prob. 2PCh. 43 - Prob. 3PCh. 43 - Prob. 4PCh. 43 - Prob. 5PCh. 43 - Prob. 6PCh. 43 - Prob. 7PCh. 43 - Prob. 8PCh. 43 - Prob. 9PCh. 43 - Prob. 10PCh. 43 - Prob. 11PCh. 43 - Prob. 12PCh. 43 - Prob. 13PCh. 43 - Prob. 14PCh. 43 - Prob. 15PCh. 43 - Prob. 16PCh. 43 - Prob. 17PCh. 43 - Prob. 18PCh. 43 - Prob. 19PCh. 43 - Prob. 20PCh. 43 - Prob. 21PCh. 43 - Prob. 22PCh. 43 - Prob. 23PCh. 43 - Prob. 24PCh. 43 - SSM a A neutron of mass mn and kinetic energy K...Ch. 43 - Prob. 26PCh. 43 - Prob. 27PCh. 43 - Prob. 28PCh. 43 - Prob. 29PCh. 43 - Prob. 30PCh. 43 - Prob. 31PCh. 43 - Prob. 32PCh. 43 - Prob. 33PCh. 43 - Prob. 34PCh. 43 - Prob. 35PCh. 43 - Prob. 36PCh. 43 - Prob. 37PCh. 43 - Prob. 38PCh. 43 - Prob. 39PCh. 43 - Prob. 40PCh. 43 - Prob. 41PCh. 43 - Prob. 42PCh. 43 - Prob. 43PCh. 43 - Prob. 44PCh. 43 - Prob. 45PCh. 43 - Prob. 46PCh. 43 - SSM WWW Coal burns according to the reaction...Ch. 43 - Prob. 48PCh. 43 - Prob. 49PCh. 43 - Prob. 50PCh. 43 - Prob. 51PCh. 43 - Prob. 52PCh. 43 - Prob. 53PCh. 43 - Prob. 54PCh. 43 - Prob. 55PCh. 43 - Prob. 56PCh. 43 - Prob. 57PCh. 43 - Prob. 58P
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- The power output of the Sun is 41026 W. (a) If 90% of this energy is supplied by the proton-proton chain, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the surface of Earth from this process?arrow_forwardThe power output of the Sun is 4 × 1026 W. Part (a) If 93 % of this is supplied by the proton-proton cycle, how many protons are consumed per second? Part (b) How many neutrinos per second should be incident on every square meter of the Earth from this process? This huge number is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, since large detectors observe very few per day.arrow_forward(a) Calculate the rate at which the Sun generates neutrinos. Assume that energy production is entirely by the proton–proton fusion cycle. (b) At what rate do solar neutrinos reach Earth?arrow_forward
- The 2-H formed in the first reaction has less mass than the two 1-H that form it; the missing mass converts to other forms of energy according to E = mc2 (this ultimately is the energy source that keeps the Sun's core at 15 million degrees Celsius). You will find the amount of mass converted to energy by carefully using a calculator. Using the numbers in the Atomic Mass column, calculate H + H- D. Type the entire calculator answer carefully. [it should be positive, similar in style %3D to 0.002179] (1) (2) Element (3) Symbol (4) Mass Number, (5) Atomic Mass (6) % Abundance (or Radioactive Decay Mode) (7) Half-life Atomic Number Z. (if radioactive) (Neutron) 1.008665 10.4 min Hydrogen Deuterium Tritium H. 1.007825 2.014102 99.985% 0.015% 3 3.016049 12.33 yr Helium Не 3 3.016029 4.002602 0.000137% 99.999863% 4 Lithium Li 6. 6.015121 7.016003 7.5% 92.5% 7 4 Beryllium Be 7.016928 EC, 7 53.29 days 9. 9.012182 100%arrow_forwardWe saw that, on Earth, the number flux of solar neutrinos from the p-p chain is 6.7E10 s-1 cm-2. Other nuclear reactions in the Sun supplement this neutrino flux with a small additional flux of higher-energy neutrinos. A neutrino detector in Japan, named Super Kamiokande, consists of a tank of 50kton of water, surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. The tubes detect the flash of Cerenkov radiation emitted by a recoiling electron when a high-energy neutrino scatters on it. Calculate the detection rate for neutrino scattering in events per day, if 10-6 of the solar neutrinos have a high enough energy to be detected by this experiment, and each electron poses a scattering cross section=10-43 cm. Hint: Consider the density of neutrino targets "seen" by an individual electron, with a relative velocity of c between the neutrinos and the electron, to obtain the rate at which one electron interacts with the incoming neutrinos, and multiply by the total number of electrons (I've already done this:…arrow_forward3 a) The three neutrino mass eigenstates are labelled m1, m2 and m3. Experiments have determined that Am² = m² – mị = 7.5 x 10-5 eV² and |Am22| = |m3 – m3| 2.5 x 10-3 eV². Calculate the smallest possible values of mı, m2 and m3 for: (i) the normal mass hierarchy. (ii) the inverted mass hierarchy. b) When L is expressed in km, E, in GeV and Am2 in eV², the two-flavour mixing formula for the probability of a v neutrino appearing a distance L later as a ve neutrino is Am²[eV*] L[km] E„[GeV] P(v, → v.) = sin²(20) sin? ( 1.27 where 0 is the neutrino mixing angle, Am² is the difference in the squared masses of the neutrino eigenstates and E, is the neutrino energy. The terms in square brackets denote the parameters' units. Assuming E, = 1.3 GeV, Am² = 2.5x10-3 eV² and sin 0 = /3/2, sketch P(v, → ve) and P(v → vµ) as a function of L in the range 0< L[km] < 3000. %3D For a long baseline experiment designed to detect muon-neutrinos with the param- eters E, distance L where the muon-neutrino…arrow_forward
- Recall that the solar constant – the flux of solar energy reaching Earth's vicinity- is about 1380 W/m^2. distance from the sun = 1 AU = 1.50×10¹1 m.) The Sun's energy originates from a chain of fusion reactions; each reaction chain releases 26.7 MeV of mass energy. At what rate does the Sun lose mass? Express the result in kilograms per year. (in kg/yr) OA: 8.554x1016 OB: 1.001×1017 OC: 1.171×10¹7 OD: OE: 1.370×10¹7 1.603 1017 OF: 1.875×1017 OG: 2.194×10¹7 (The OH: 2.567x1017arrow_forwardRecall that the solar constant-the flux of solar energy reaching Earth's vicinity- is about 1390 W/m^2. ) (The distance from the sun = 1 AU = 1.50×10¹¹ m.) The Sun's energy originates from a chain of fusion reactions; each reaction chain releases 26.7 MeV of mass energy. At what rate does the Sun lose mass? Express the result in kilograms per year. (in kg/yr) A: 5.379x10¹6 B: 6.294x1016 oC: 7.364x10¹6 D: 8.616x1016 E: 1.008x1017 OF: 1.179x1017 G: 1.380x10¹7 H: 1.614x1017arrow_forwardCalculate the nuclear binding energy for a helium-5 atom (isotopic mass = 5.012057 u), a sodium-22 atom (isotopic = 21.99443742 u), and a cobalt-60 atom (isotopic mass = 59.9338222 u) I will provide an example for this question. See the imagearrow_forward
- B: In a nuclear station, find the power produced by fissioning 5 grams of Thorium fuel (Th232) per one day. Mass number of Thorium is 232. Assume the number of fissions required for watt- second in Th232 is 6.2- 10 10arrow_forwardCalculate the binding energy in J/nucleon for carbon-12 (atomic mass= 12.0000 u) and uranium-235 (atomic mass= 235.0439 u). The atomic mass of 1 H is 1.00782 u and the mass of a neutron is 1.00866 u. The most stable nucleus known is 56Fe. Would the binding energy per nucleon for 56Fe be larger or smaller than that of 12C or 235U? Explain.arrow_forwardOne idea of fuelling an internal confinement fusion reactor is to use deuterium-tritium (D- T) pellets. Calculate how many 1 mg pellets of D-T material per second would be required for a 500 MVW reactor if 30 % of the material in each pellet were converted in internal confinement fusion.arrow_forward
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