
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Lone pairs around N and O atoms should be added in the given structure of glyphosate.
Concept Introduction:
A Lewis structure, in contrast, shows the connectivity between the atoms, as well as where all
the bonding and nonbonding valence electrons reside.
Most of the common elements in covalent compounds-carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the
halogens-generally follow the octet rule. Hydrogen is a notable exception, because it
accommodates only two electrons in bonding.
(b)
Interpretation:
Number of electrons around the P in the structure of glyphosate should be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
A single covalent bond is formed by equal sharing of 2 electrons and a double covalent bond is formed by equal sharing 4 electrons.
(c)
Interpretation:
Atoms in glyphosate that do not follow the octet rule should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
In order to attain stability the atoms tends to have eight electrons in its valence shell which can be obtained either by sharing of electrons or complete transfer of electrons. The tendency of atoms to attempt to get a noble gas configuration that is eight valence electrons is said to be octet rule.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM
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