An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.3, Problem 25P
In a real turbine, the entropy of the steam will increase somewhat. How will this affect the percentages of liquid and gas at point 4 in the cycle? How will the efficiency be affected?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 4.1 - At a power plant that produces 1 GW ( 109 watts)...Ch. 4.1 - A power plant produces 1 GW of electricity, at an...Ch. 4.1 - It has been proposed to use the thermal gradient...Ch. 4.1 - Prove directly (by calculating the heat taken in...Ch. 4.1 - To get more than an infinitesimal amount of work...Ch. 4.2 - Why must you put an air conditioner in the window...Ch. 4.2 - Can you cool off your kitchen by leaving the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 9PCh. 4.2 - Suppose that heat leaks into your kitchen...
Ch. 4.2 - What is the maximum possible COP for a cyclic...Ch. 4.2 - Explain why an ideal gas taken around a...Ch. 4.2 - Under many conditions, the rate at which heat...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 14PCh. 4.2 - In an absorption refrigerator the energy driving...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 16PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 17PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 18PCh. 4.3 - The amount of work done by each stroke of an...Ch. 4.3 - Derive a formula for the efficiency of the Diesel...Ch. 4.3 - The ingenious Stirling engine is a true heat...Ch. 4.3 - A small-scale steam engine might operate between...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 23PCh. 4.3 - Calculate the efficiency of a Rankine cycle that...Ch. 4.3 - In a real turbine, the entropy of the steam will...Ch. 4.3 - A coal-fired power plant, with parameters similar...Ch. 4.3 - In Table 4.1, why does the entropy of water...Ch. 4.3 - Imagine that your dog has eaten the portion of...Ch. 4.4 - Liquid HFC-134a at its boiling point at 12 bars...Ch. 4.4 - Consider a household refrigerator that uses...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that the throttling valve in the...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose you are told to design a household air...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 33PCh. 4.4 - Consider an ideal Hampson-Linde cycle in which no...Ch. 4.4 - The magnetic field created by a dipole has a...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 36PCh. 4.4 - A common (but imprecise) way of stating the third...
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- How could you design a Carnot engine with 100% efficiency?arrow_forwardShow that the coefficients of performance of refrigerators and heat pumps are related by COPref=COPhp1. Start with the definitions of the COP s and the conservation of energy relationship between Qh, QC, and W.arrow_forwardA Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When the temperature of its cold reservoir the efficiency drops to 0.55. If initially Tc=27, determine (a) the constant value of Th and (b) the final value of Tc.arrow_forward
- A heat engine operates between two temperatures such that the working substance of the engine absorbs 5000 J of heat from the high-temperature bath and discharges 3000 J to the low-temperature bath. The rest of the energy is converted into mechanical energy of the turbine. Find (a) the amount of work produced by the engine and (b) the efficiency of the engine.arrow_forwardA Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between a heat source at 550 and a heat sink at 20 . Find the efficiency of the Carnot engine.arrow_forwardIs it possible for a system to have an entropy change if it neither absorbs nor emits heat during a reversible? transition? What happens it the process is irreversible?arrow_forward
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- What is the entropy change of 10 g of steam at 100 when it condenses to water at the same temperature?arrow_forwardA Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 baths and produces 300 kJ of energy in each cycle. Find the change in entropy of the (a) hot bath and (b) cold bath, in each Carnot cycle?arrow_forwardAn ideal diesel cycle is shown below. This cycle consists of five strokes. In this case, only air is drawn into the chamber during the intake stroke OA. The air is then compressed adiabatically from state A to state B, raising its temperature high enough so that when fuel is added during the power stroke BC, it ignites. After ignition ends at C, there is a further adiabatic power stroke CD. Finally, there is an exhaust at constant volume as the pressure drops from pD to pA , followed by a further exhaust when the piston compresses the chamber volume to zero. (a) Use W=Q1Q2, Q1=nCp(TCTB) , and Q2=nCv(TDTA) to show that e=WQ11TDTA(TCTB). (b) Use the fact that AB and CD are adiabatic to show that e=11( V C V D )( V B V A )( V C V D )( V B V A ). (c) Since there is no preignition (remember, the chamber does not contain any fuel during the compression), the compression ratio can be larger than that for a gasoline engine. Typically, VA/VB=15 and VD/VC=5 . For these values and =1.4 , show that =0.56 , or an efficiency of 56%. Diesel engines actually operate at an efficiency of about 30% to 35% compared with 25% to 30% for gasoline engines.arrow_forward
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