The ingenious Stirling engine is a true
Figure 4.7. A Stirling engine, shown during the power stroke when the hot piston is moving outward and the cold piston is at rest. (For simplicity, the linkages between the two pistons are not shown.)
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Chapter 4 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
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- A thermodynamic system is taken from state A to state B to state C, and then back to A, as shown in the p-V diagram of Figure below.The vertical scale is set by p, = 40 Pa, and the horizontal scale is set by Vs = 4.0m³. i. Analyze the graph using first law of thermodynamics and complete the following table by inserting a plus sign, minus sign, or a zero in each indicated cell ? AEint A >B (a) (b) + (c) (d) + (e) (f) (3) V, Volume (m) ii. Analyze the graph using first law of thermodynamics and determine the net work done by the system as it moves once through the cycle ABCA?arrow_forwardA gas expands from I to F in the figure below. The energy added to the gas by heat is 422 J when the gas goes from I to F along the diagonal path. Three paths are plotted on a PV diagram, which has a horizontal axis labeled V (liters), and a vertical axis labeled P (atm). The green path starts at point I (2,4), extends vertically down to point B (2,1), then extends horizontally to point F (4,1). The blue path starts at point I (2,4), and extends down and to the right to end at point F (4,1). The orange path starts at point I (2,4), extends horizontally to the right to point A (4,4), then extends vertically down to end at point F (4,1). (a) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? J(b) How much energy must be added to the gas by heat for the indirect path IAF to give the same change in internal energy? Jarrow_forward1. A rubberized sphere contains carbon dioxide. If the initial radius of the sphere is 15cm: a. How much work is done if the carbon dioxide-filled sphere expanded to five times its original volume against the pressure at STP? Express your answer in Latm. b. Upon the expansion of the sphere, what is the kinetic energy of a single carbon dioxide molecule if it travels across the diameter and covers it in 30ms? Assume that the sphere contains one mole of carbon dioxide. Express your answer in J. c. How much power can all the molecules in this sphere generate after 30s? Assume that the sphere contains one mole of carbon dioxide and that all molecules have the same kinetic energy. Express your answer in W. (Use the KE obtained from the previous required)arrow_forward
- A hand-driven tire pump has a piston with a 2.00 cm diameter and a maximum stroke of 36.0 cm. (a) How much work (in J) do you do in one stroke if the average gauge pressure is 2.40 x 10° N/m (about 35 psi)? J (b) What average force (in N) do you exert on the piston, neglecting friction and gravity? N Additional Materials Reading ES Scanned with CamScanner Submit Answerarrow_forwardThen 1.5 J of heat energy are transferred to the gas what is the new equilibrium temperature of the gas in C? what is the final height of the piston? how much work is done on the gas as the piston rises?arrow_forwardPlease explain where was 3/2 attained? Where did it came from from the formula below?arrow_forward
- 4 moles of an ideal monatomic gas undergoes the three process cycle as depicted in the figure below. The cycle is composed of an isobaric, isovolumetric, and isothermal process. P. P. V V. For the given parameters p,=p,=9.10* Pa and V,= 1.1 m3, V,= V.=0.55 m3 calculate the following. (Take the universal gas constant as R= 8.314 J.mol-1.K-1 a) The pressure pc = Pa b) The net work done by the gas Wnet = c) The heat entering the cycle QH = d) The thermal efficiency of the cycle (in percent): e = %arrow_forwardA gas expands from I to F in the figure below. The energy added to the gas by heat is 212 J when the gas goes from I to F along the diagonal path. Three paths are plotted on a PV diagram, which has a horizontal axis labeled V (liters), and a vertical axis labeled P (atm). The green path starts at point I (2,4), extends vertically down to point B (2,1), then extends horizontally to point F (4,1). The blue path starts at point I (2,4), and extends down and to the right to end at point F (4,1). The orange path starts at point I (2,4), extends horizontally to the right to point A (4,4), then extends vertically down to end at point F (4,1). (a) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? Use the relations between various features of the graph and the work done on the gas to find the energy added by work and then use your result to find the change in internal energy of the gas. J(b) How much energy must be added to the gas by heat for the indirect path IAF to give the same change in…arrow_forwardA 2 mole sample ideal gas is confined in a cylinder that is carried through a closed cycle. The gas is initially at 63 atm. First, its pressure is tripled under constant volume. Then, it expands isothermally to its original pressure. Finally, the gas is compressed isobarically to its original volume (see the figure) . What was the net work done (in kJ) on the gas for this cycle? (Answer 2 decimal places) 3 P; Isothermal C P V(L) Vcarrow_forward
- It's a thermodynamics question.arrow_forwardILLUSTRATE THE PROBLEM ONLY!!! 5 moles of cinnamaldehyde gas that has an initial volume of ten liters expands under the following conditions: 185°F and 800mmHg external pressure. a. How much work is done? Express your answer in L atm. b. Assuming that the container is cylindrical with a base radius of 10cm and can only expand vertically, how much kinetic energy does a single molecule possesses if it travels from base to base of the expanded cylinder in 10μs? Express your answer in J. ILLUSTRATE THE PROBLEM ONLY!!!arrow_forwardAnswer correctly please. I will rate accordinglyarrow_forward