The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A. Introduction: The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Answer 6

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Answer 7

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Answer 12

Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 3R Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 4R Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 3R

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