Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321994936
Author: Ted R. Johnson, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 43, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The implications of the result.
Introduction:
Rubella test is usually performed to detect the presence of antibodies against the Rubella virus. These antibodies stay in the system for very long time. The types of antibody present in the blood can give details about the infection, whether it is recent or a past infection. Rubella test is done on pregnant women to detect whether the women contains enough antibodies to protect from Rubella infection. If the pregnant women do not contain antibodies there are high risk of miscarriage or birth defects in developing baby.
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Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the immunological incompatibility between mother and baby?
Select one:
a. The baby’s Rh+ blood will never get in contact with the mother’s Rh– blood during the pregnancy as the placenta does not allow fetal blood cells to mix with the maternal blood.
b. When the mother has Rh– blood, anti-Rh antibody injection is given during her pregnancy to prevent any antibodies from forming.
c. If the baby is Rh+ and the mother is Rh–, it does not pose a problem as long as this is the mother’s first pregnancy.
d. Rh– blood has no rhesus factor proteins and therefore will produce antibodies for the Rh factor when exposed to Rh+ blood.
Even though instances of fetal, maternal ABO, incompatibility are common, severe hemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility is rare. Which of the following best explains this difference?
A) ABO incompatibility causes extensive extra medullary hematopoiesis
B) antibodies against ABO antigens
do not bind complement
C) the maternal immune system is tolerant to ABO ANTIGENS
D) most anti- A or anti- B antibodies are of IgM type and do not cross the placenta
E) the presence of concurrent Rh incompatibility decreases the immunogenicity of erythrocytes
When a mother is Rh-, there is a chance the baby may have hemolytic disease of Newborns. Rh+
mothers do not have this issue.
Why? Rh- moms do not have the Rh antigen in their body. A Rh- mom can have a Rh+ baby
depending on the male sperm. During pregnancy, Rh- mom can be exposed to her baby's Rh
antigen.
Let's look at figure a) the first pregnancy. The Rh- mom is pregnant with a Rh+ baby. The baby
exposes the mom to Rh antigen during pregnancy. This first baby is delivered and is ok.
Figure (b) between pregnancies, the mother is exposed to the foreign antigen Rh and she makes
antibodies against Rh. She now has anti-D (anti-Rh) in her body.
Figure (c) her second pregnancy with a Rh+ baby. On the next pregnancy that the mom has with a
baby. The mom has the anti-D (anti-Rh) antibody in her system. The antibody will attack the
baby's RBCS with the Rh antigen on it.
When the baby's RBC's are attacked the RBC will hemolyse (hemo=RBC; Lysis=cut). This will
result in severe anemia. The lysed…
Chapter 43 Solutions
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why is DNA testing used for a patient with sickle cell anemia?arrow_forwardBelow are the ABO and Rh blood types of some couples. If during birth some blood is exchaged between the mother and the first newborn, the second newborn of which couple has the LEAST chance for suffering from hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility? Consider both Rh and ABO incompatibilities. A. Wife B -, husband O + B. Wife AB -, husband AB + C. Wife AB -, husband O+ D. Wife O -, husband B + E. Wife A -, husband O+arrow_forwardDue to a clerical error, several blood samples at a blood bank were not labeled. The three list below were conducted on each sample to identify each blood type. Test 1 = Unknown sample mixed with “anti-A” serum (contains type A antibodies) Test 2 = Unknown sample mixed with “anti-B” serum (contains type B antibodies) Test 3 = Unknown sample mixed with “anti-Rh” serum (contains type Rh antibodies) (A) When unknown sample A was tested, agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells occurred in test 1, 2 and 3. The blood type of sample A is… (B) When unknown sample B was tested, no agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells occurred in any tests. The blood type of sample B is… (C) When unknown sample C was tested, agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells occurred in test 2 and 3, but not 1. The blood type of sample C is…arrow_forward
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- identify the different cells in the blood smear image by their phenotypes and state their primary function in the table belowarrow_forwardWhat causes hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)? Why does the condition not arise in cases of ABO incompatibility?arrow_forwardCan blood typing be performed by reacting anti-body group antibodies with serum? Explain why or why not.arrow_forward
- 6) a) Provide using your best reasoning skills an explanation as to why Rh incompatibility is so dangerous for a Rh negative pregnant mom carrying a Rh+ fetus especially in her 2nd pregnancy. What is the name of this condition? b) Why isn't ABO incompatibility a problem for pregnant women? For example a Blood type B pregnant woman ( IBi ) with anti A antibodies in her blood serum who is carrying a blood type A fetus. Such a woman and her child rarely have problems like those she would have, regarding Rh factors. Why?arrow_forwardTo diagnose someone with HIV, what do they look for in the blood?arrow_forwardThe attached image has the following Newick format: ((HIV-1 retropepsin:0.67441,(HIV-2 retropepsin:0.40370, Simian immunodeficiency:0.40370):0.27071):0.963537,(Bovine immunodeficiency:1.34405,Feline immunodeficiency:1.34405):0.295328); Examine the branch lengths. What do they tell you about the evolutionary time between the branch points?• Which branchings are more ancient and which are more recent?• What would you conclude about these immunodeficiency virus proteases, based on this small analysis?arrow_forward
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