Explanation The breathing center located near the rear region of the brain (medulla oblongata) regulates our breathing movements. This breathing center uses special chemoreceptors to measure CO 2 concentrations in the brain and the arterial blood. The central chemoreceptors detect changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pH (indicates variations in the level of blood CO 2 ), and they are regulate the long-term or slow changes in breathing. Chemoreceptors monitor immediate changes in O 2 , CO 2 , and pH concentrations of the blood and thus, control the breathing rate. Carbon dioxide acts as the initial stimulus to hyperventilation . A rise in CO 2 (a condition called hypercapnia ) reduces the pH level of the cerebrospinal fluid . This excites the central chemoreceptors, causing increased rate of respiration, a condition called hyperventilation . The resulting increase in alveoli ventilation flushes carbon dioxide out of the blood, which increases the blood pH (CO 2 combines with the water to form carbonic acid and simultaneously dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions) . The released hydrogen ions increase the pH level and make the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid back to normal...

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY MOD MASTERING (18 WEEK)

12th Edition

ISBN: 9780136920335

Author: Urry

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Question

Chapter 42.6, Problem 1CC

Summary Introduction

To review: The effect of pH of the cerebrospinal fluid with the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Concept introduction: The blood level of CO₂ directly impacts the respiratory centers in the medulla and has a major influence on the cerebrospinal fluid pH. The central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata detect changes in the CO₂ levels when any changes are seen in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

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Chapter 42.5, Problem 3CC

Chapter 42.6, Problem 2CC

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Chapter 42 Solutions

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY MOD MASTERING (18 WEEK)

Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 42.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 42.2 - Explain why blood has a higher 02 concentration in...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 42.4 - Explain why a physician might order a white cell...

Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 42.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 42.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 42.7 - What determines whether O2 and CO2 undergo net...Ch. 42.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2 to very...Ch. 42.7 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 42 - How does the flow of a fluid in a closed...Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.2CR Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.3CR Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.4CR Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.5CR Ch. 42 - How does air in the lungs differ from the fresh...Ch. 42 - How are the roles of a respiratory pigment and an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1TYU Ch. 42 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYU Ch. 42 - When you hold your breath, which of the following...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5TYU Ch. 42 - Prob. 6TYU Ch. 42 - Prob. 7TYU Ch. 42 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 42 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie...Ch. 42 - Prob. 10TYU Ch. 42 - Prob. 11TYU Ch. 42 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU

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Solution Summary: The author explains how the blood level of CO 2 directly impacts the respiratory centers in the medulla and has a major influence on cerebrospinal fluid pH.

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