Biology
Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 42, Problem 5A
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Summation is a phenomenon that determines if an action potential is going to be triggered due to the combined effects of inhibitory and excitatory signals. Summation is basically of two types; temporal summation and spatial summation.

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Which options are true regarding the gate control theory of pain? Select all that apply: a. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse directly onto nociceptor fibres and potentiate incoming pain signals b. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse onto interneurons, which synapse onto nociceptor fibres and potentiate incoming pain signals c. Applying a mechanical stimulus, such as grabbing the injured area, will soothe the injury d. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse directly onto nociceptor fibres and inhibit incoming pain signals e. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse onto interneurons, which synapse onto nociceptor fibres and inhibit incoming pain signals f. Applying a mechanical stimulus, such as grabbing the injured area, is a natural defensive reaction, but does little to actually affect incoming pain signals.
Which of the following is true about pain receptors? a. Alpha fibers respond to chronic pain. b. Alpha fibers are associated with dull, aching pain. c. Alpha fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain. d. Beta fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain.
Select the statement that explains the neural mechanism underlying the sensation of fast, sharp pain followed by delayed, longer-lasting pain after an injury.  a. Fast pain is conducted by mechanoreceptors, whereas delayed pain is conducted by fibers with free nerve endings. b. Fast pain is conducted by free nerve endings in the dermis, whereas delayed pain is conducted by deep nerve endings in the subcutaneous layer. c. The receptive fields differ for the two types of pain sensation such that fast pain fibers have smaller receptive fields than the delayed pain fibers. d. Fast and delayed pain represent the progression of the injury; both are conducted by the same fibers. e. Fast, sharp pain is conducted by myelinated axons, whereas delayed, longer-lasting pain is carried by unmyelinated axons.
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