Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 42, Problem 5A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Summation is a phenomenon that determines if an action potential is going to be triggered due to the combined effects of inhibitory and excitatory signals. Summation is basically of two types; temporal summation and spatial summation.
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Which options are true regarding the gate control theory of pain?
Select all that apply:
a. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse directly onto nociceptor fibres and potentiate incoming pain signals
b. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse onto interneurons, which synapse onto nociceptor fibres and potentiate incoming pain signals
c. Applying a mechanical stimulus, such as grabbing the injured area, will soothe the injury
d. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse directly onto nociceptor fibres and inhibit incoming pain signals
e. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse onto interneurons, which synapse onto nociceptor fibres and inhibit incoming pain signals
f. Applying a mechanical stimulus, such as grabbing the injured area, is a natural defensive reaction, but does little to actually affect incoming pain signals.
Which of the following is true about pain receptors?
a. Alpha fibers respond to chronic pain.
b. Alpha fibers are associated with dull, aching pain.
c. Alpha fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain.
d. Beta fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain.
Select the statement that explains the neural mechanism underlying the sensation of fast, sharp pain followed by delayed, longer-lasting pain after an injury.
a. Fast pain is conducted by mechanoreceptors, whereas delayed pain is conducted by fibers with free nerve endings.
b. Fast pain is conducted by free nerve endings in the dermis, whereas delayed pain is conducted by deep nerve endings in the subcutaneous layer.
c. The receptive fields differ for the two types of pain sensation such that fast pain fibers have smaller receptive fields than the delayed pain fibers.
d. Fast and delayed pain represent the progression of the injury; both are conducted by the same fibers.
e. Fast, sharp pain is conducted by myelinated axons, whereas delayed, longer-lasting pain is carried by unmyelinated axons.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 42.1 - Differentiate between subdivisions of the...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.1 - Explain the roles of the different nervous system...Ch. 42.2 - Contrast the relative concentrations of important...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.5 - Describe the organization of the peripheral...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.5 - Prob. 4LOCh. 42 - Data analysis Draw the resulting potentials for...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2DACh. 42 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 42 - The ____ cannot be controlled by conscious...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3UCh. 42 - Inhibitory neurotransmitters a. hyperpolarize...Ch. 42 - White matter is ______, and gray matter is...Ch. 42 - During an action potential a. the rising phase is...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7UCh. 42 - Imagine that you are doing an experiment on the...Ch. 42 - The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a. not required for...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3ACh. 42 - The following is a list of the components of a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5ACh. 42 - As you sit quietly reading this sentence, the part...Ch. 42 - G proteincoupled receptors are involved in the...Ch. 42 - Tetraethylammonium (TEA) is a drug that blocks...Ch. 42 - Describe the status of the Na+ and K+ channels at...Ch. 42 - Describe the steps required to produce an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4S
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- A pin can be pressed against the skin lightly and elicit no response from the pain receptor. However, if the pin is jabbed into the finger, the pain receptor may be stimulated and the finger would quickly be withdrawn through a reflex arc. Use what you know about threshold potential and the all-or-none principle to explain different levels of sensation (light touch or pain)arrow_forwardDescribe the characteristics and role of each of thefollowing in the pain pathway:a. nociceptorb. C fibersc. spinothalamic tractd. parietal lobee. reticular formationf. endorphins and enkephalinsarrow_forwardA 10-year-old girl with Type I diabetes develops a neuropathy limited to sensory neurons with free nerve endings. Quantitative sensory testing will reveal higher-than-normal thresholds for the detection of which of the following? a. Fine touch b. Vibration c. Pressure d. Temperature e. Muscle length.arrow_forward
- Which statement about a center-surround receptive field is false? Select one: a. It can involve an inhibitory response (e.g., to touch) b. It is characterized by a circular center and a doughnut-shaped surround c. It is found only in primary sensory cortex d. It can be mapped by electrophysiological recording techniques e. It can involve an excitatory response (e.g., to touch)arrow_forwardWhat does the neuron composition of the dorsal root ganglion tell you about sensory coding in the somatosensory system? a. The large axon sizes have a slower conduction velocity than small axon sizes. b. The uniform axon sizes for all neurons indicate that they have the same conduction velocity. c. Multiple modalities or sensations can be detected from the skin. d. Only a single modality or sensation can be detected from the skin. e. Processing must occur directly in the skin since the neurons in the dorsal root ganglion are second order neurons.arrow_forwardNeuroimaging of the perception of facial expression suggests that a. the amygdala is selectively active when we view angry faces. b. the amygdala responds most strongly to fearful faces, particularly to the whites of the eyes. c. the amygdala is selectively active when we view sad faces. d. he amygdala responds most strongly to angry faces, particularly to enlarged pupils in the eyes.arrow_forward
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