Chapter 4.2, Problem 4.9AFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the compound $\text{Zn}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_2$, $\text{KCl}$, ${\text{Na}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$, or ${\text{PbCl}}_2$ that is dissolved in beaker A is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ionic compounds are the compounds that are composed of charged ions. They are held together by electrostatic forces. These compounds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the compound ${\left({\text{NH}}_4\right)}_2{\text{SO}}_4$, $\text{Cd}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2$, $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2$, or ${\text{KNO}}_3$ that is dissolved in beaker B is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Ionic compounds are the compounds that are composed of charged ions. They are held together by electrostatic forces. These compounds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The precipitate and the spectator ions when solutions A and B are mixed is to be named and balanced molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations are to be written.

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.

The reason for the precipitation reaction to occur is the formation of a product that is insoluble in nature. The insoluble product is formed when the electrostatic attraction between the ions is greater as compared to the attraction between ions and water molecule. The product will remain intact and precipitate out from the solution.

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

The molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction, the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.

Spectator ions are the ions that are not a part of the actual chemical change but are present in the reaction mixture to balance the charge on both sides of the reaction. They are represented in the total ionic reaction. These are the dissolved ions present in the reaction mixture.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Maximum mass (g) of precipitate that can form when each particle represents $0.050\text{ mol}$ of ions is to be calculated.