Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 42, Problem 2DAA
Summary Introduction
To explain: Heart defects are the most common type of birth defect in the single-birth group and is more or less common in the multiple birth group.
Concept introduction: During the gestation period, the mother can have single birth or multiple births. Single birth is where only one fetus is carried during the gestation period in the womb. Multiple births are where more than one fetus is carried during the gestation period such as twins, triplets, quadruplets, and more. Carrying more than one fetus in the womb results in insufficient supply of nutrient to the developing fetus. These fetuses become still-born or born with abnormalities
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The U.S. rate of infant mortality and morbidity is high compared to other industrialized countries, and research indicates that these rates result because babies are born prematurely due to lack of proper prenatal care True B) False
Data:Total Births: 2,700 Low Birth Weight: 264Mothers with inter-gestational interval < 12 months: 92Mothers with low birth weight with inter-gestational interval < 12 months: 21Mothers with previous HTN: 18Mothers with low birth weight with previous HT: 15
A) Global or absolute risk of low birth weight.B) Relative risk for the factor "inter-gestational interval < 12 months". According to the results obtained, give your opinion as to whether there is an association or not and express it accordingly.C) Relative risk for the factor "mothers with previous HTN". According to the results obtained, give your opinion as to whether or not there is an association and express it accordingly.D) In the case of the factors in which you consider, according to the results obtained, that there is an association, calculate the Attributable Risk (AR) and the Etiological Risk Fraction (ERF), expressing in both cases their significance.
What are the risk factors that led to the death of a pregnant woman who had three delays in a rural area?
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 42 - Prob. 1DAACh. 42 - Prob. 2DAACh. 42 - Prob. 3DAACh. 42 - Prob. 4DAACh. 42 - The end product of cleavage is a __________. a....Ch. 42 - The outermost germ layer in a vertebrate gastrula...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3SQCh. 42 - Prob. 4SQCh. 42 - In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the...Ch. 42 - The ________, a fluid-filled sac, surrounds and...
Ch. 42 - The placenta consists of __________. a. embryonic...Ch. 42 - During the fetal period, ____________. a....Ch. 42 - Prob. 9SQCh. 42 - Match each hormone with its action(s). ______...Ch. 42 - Prob. 11SQCh. 42 - Prob. 12SQCh. 42 - Prob. 13SQCh. 42 - Prob. 14SQCh. 42 - Place these events in human development in the...Ch. 42 - The rubella virus causes German measles. If a...Ch. 42 - A nursing mother who has an alcoholic drink...Ch. 42 - To determine the effect of the bicoid gene,...Ch. 42 - If an embryo splits at the two-cell stage, each of...
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- Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?arrow_forwardThe reasons for high maternal and newborn mortality rate in the Philippines are: a. Delay in deciding to seek medical care, delay in identifying and reaching appropriate facility and delay in receiving adequate care b. All of the choices c. Delay in seeking medical care, delay in postpartum period, and delay in newborn care d. Delay in menstruation, delay in prenatal check up and delay in labor and deliveryarrow_forward13arrow_forward
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- List 3 intra- partum and 3 anti-partum risk factors. Then explain why each poses a risk to the baby.arrow_forwardWhat is the expected ratio of male to female birth ?arrow_forwardQ1: Which of the children in this Punnett square represents Zoe? What is her genotype? Q2: If Zoe’s parents had another child, what is the probability that the child would have cystic fibrosis? That the child would be a CF carrier? Q3: If Zoe is able to have a child of her own someday, and the other parent is not a carrier of cystic fibrosis (he would likely be tested before they chose to have children), what is the probability that the child would have cystic fibrosis? That the child would be a carrier?arrow_forward
- when a woman is injected with an egg fertilized in vitro, the probability of its implanting is 20 percent. If a woman is injected with five eggs simultaneously, what is the probability that she will become pregnant?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true regarding Expanded Newborn Screening, EXCEPT: I A. Expanded Newborn Screening (ENBS) is a simple procedure to find out if your baby has a congenital disorder that may lead to mental retardation or even death if left untreated. B. The Expanded Newborn Screening program increased the screening panel of disorders from six (6) to more than twenty-eight. C. The blood sample for ENBS may be collected by any of the following: physician, nurse, medical technologist or trained midwife. D. ENBS is available in hospitals, lying-ins, rural health units, health centers and some private clinics. Who can perform the Newborn Hearing Screening Test, EXCEPT: A. Audiometrists. B.Audiologists C.Chef D.Medical technologists What does positive screen means in Newborn Screening result? * A. A NEGATIVE SCREEN means that the newborn screening result is normal. B. A POSITIVE SCREEN means that the newborn must be brought back to his/her health practitioner for further testing. C. A…arrow_forwardDihybrid In rabbits, grey hair is dominant to white hair. Also in rabbits, black eyes are dominant to red eyes. Short hair is dominant over long hair, and curly hair is dominant over straight hair. BB = black eyes Bb = black eyes bb = red eyes GG= grey hair Gg - grey hair gg = white hair SS = short hair Ss = short hair Ss = long hair CC = curly hair Cc = curly hair cc = straight hair 7. A male rabbit with the genotype GGbb is crossed with a female rabbit with the genotype ggBb. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation? Genotype: Phenotype:arrow_forward
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