Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 42, Problem 4DAA
Summary Introduction
To explain: If multiple pregnancy increases the relative risk of chromosomal defects in the offspring.
Concept introduction: During the gestation period, the mother can have single birth or multiple births. Single birth is where only one fetus is carried during the gestation period in the womb. Multiple births are where more than one fetus is carried during the gestation period such as twins, triplets, quadruplets, and more. Carrying more than one fetus in the womb results in insufficient supply of nutrients to the developing fetus. These fetuses become still-born or born with abnormalities
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Pregnant women are exposed to some physiological and psychological changes during the prenatal period. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of age factor on these physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy. The study included all adolescent (15-18 years) adult (19-34 years) and advanced age (35 years and above) pregnant women who applied to the clinic for 8 months in March 2003, and a total of n = 150 pregnant women, n = 50 from each group, were included in the study. is included. The research is planned as descriptive comparative. In the findings, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in fatigue, frequent urination and respiratory distress compared to age groups (p <0.05). As a result of the study, it was revealed that age is not an important factor in both physiological and psychological changes of pregnant women.
Write down the purpose of this research, research questions, and key hypotheses / hypotheses. Write down both…
Observation 1: 1 out of 2 first trimester abortuses show abnormal karyotypes with 96% caused by numerical abnormalities and 4% with structural abnormalities. At live birth, 1 out of 160 has abnormal karyotypes with 60% caused by numerical changes. This number increases with fetuses of mothers over 35 years old to 1/50 for total incidence and 85% for numerical changes.
Questions:
Think of reasons why it is important to maintain the number and structure of chromosomes.
Why is maternal age so important?
Compare and contrast Aqua birth with the experience of a "traditional" childbirth. Include possible complications.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 42 - Prob. 1DAACh. 42 - Prob. 2DAACh. 42 - Prob. 3DAACh. 42 - Prob. 4DAACh. 42 - The end product of cleavage is a __________. a....Ch. 42 - The outermost germ layer in a vertebrate gastrula...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3SQCh. 42 - Prob. 4SQCh. 42 - In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the...Ch. 42 - The ________, a fluid-filled sac, surrounds and...
Ch. 42 - The placenta consists of __________. a. embryonic...Ch. 42 - During the fetal period, ____________. a....Ch. 42 - Prob. 9SQCh. 42 - Match each hormone with its action(s). ______...Ch. 42 - Prob. 11SQCh. 42 - Prob. 12SQCh. 42 - Prob. 13SQCh. 42 - Prob. 14SQCh. 42 - Place these events in human development in the...Ch. 42 - The rubella virus causes German measles. If a...Ch. 42 - A nursing mother who has an alcoholic drink...Ch. 42 - To determine the effect of the bicoid gene,...Ch. 42 - If an embryo splits at the two-cell stage, each of...
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- Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?arrow_forwardA primigravida at 43 weeks’ gestation was admitted for labor induction by IV Pitocin therapy 3 hours ago. On observation on the external monitor tracing, the nurse notes that with the last two contractions, the fetal heart rate decreased after the contraction peak and returned to baseline after the contraction ended. A decrease in variability is also noted. What is the pattern identified by the nurse and the possible reasons responsible for it? What actions should the nurse take?arrow_forwardMagdalena is a 26-year-old who consulted for prenatal check-up, LMP was January 28, 2020 Magdalena provides a maternal history, including the following data; one healthy female delivered at term; one miscarriage at 8 weeks; one stillborn male delivered at term: one therapeutic abortion at 6 weeks: one premature male delivered at 32 weeks. During this pregnancy, Magdalena would be considered as: Gravida 5 Para 2 Gravida 5 Para 3 Gravida 6 Para 3 Gravida 6 Para 2arrow_forward
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