Chapter 4.2, Problem 10AYLO

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Synthesis and regulation of non-protein molecules such as carbohydrates and steroids by the genes.

Introduction:

DNA is a genetic material consisting of a long stretch of nucleotide sequences with 2 m length. It carries genetic information from one generation to the next. A complete list of DNA sequence is known as a genome, which includes coding and non-coding regions of DNA. Gene is defined as a segment of DNA that codes for mRNA, and protein is synthesized from the mRNA sequence. The total human genome consists of approximately 3.1 billion base pairs with 20,000 protein coding genes. The average length of a single gene is nearly 3000 base pairs size, and it may go up to 2.4 million. DNA replication is the first step in the central dogma of biology followed by transcription and translation. In replication, two identical copies of DNA sequences are produced from a single DNA sequence. Synthesis of mRNA from DNA is known as transcription, followed by translation, in which protein is synthesized from the mRNA sequence.