The sequence of events that take place in the chemical synapse. Introduction: Signal transduction is possible because of specialized nerve cells called neurons. Neurons are made up of receiver units which receive signals called dendrites and sender units which send the information outside the neurons. The signal travels as a wave of depolarization along the membrane of the neuron. In the case of myelinated neurons, it jumps to the nodes by saltatory conduction. However, neurons are not physically joined together, so at the neuron, the junction signal is transmitted by a special mechanism known as a synapse.

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3. In the tomato, red fruit (O+) is dominant over orange fruit (0), and yellow flowers (W+) are dominant over white flowers (w). A cross was made between true-breeding plants with red fruit and yellow flowers, and plants with orange fruit and white flowers. The F₁ plants were then crossed to plants with orange fruit and white flowers, which produced the following results: a. b. 333 red fruit, yellow flowers 64 red fruit, white flowers 58 orange fruit, yellow flowers 350 orange fruit, white flowers Conduct a chi-square analysis to demonstrate that these two genes DO NOT assort independently. Make sure to interpret the P value obtained from your chi-square test. Calculate and provide the map distance (in map units) between the two genes.

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Chapter 41.4, Problem 2C

Summary Introduction

To sketch: The sequence of events that take place in the chemical synapse.

Introduction: Signal transduction is possible because of specialized nerve cells called neurons. Neurons are made up of receiver units which receive signals called dendrites and sender units which send the information outside the neurons. The signal travels as a wave of depolarization along the membrane of the neuron. In the case of myelinated neurons, it jumps to the nodes by saltatory conduction. However, neurons are not physically joined together, so at the neuron, the junction signal is transmitted by a special mechanism known as a synapse.

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3. In the tomato, red fruit (O+) is dominant over orange fruit (0), and yellow flowers (W+) are dominant over white flowers (w). A cross was made between true-breeding plants with red fruit and yellow flowers, and plants with orange fruit and white flowers. The F₁ plants were then crossed to plants with orange fruit and white flowers, which produced the following results: a. b. 333 red fruit, yellow flowers 64 red fruit, white flowers 58 orange fruit, yellow flowers 350 orange fruit, white flowers Conduct a chi-square analysis to demonstrate that these two genes DO NOT assort independently. Make sure to interpret the P value obtained from your chi-square test. Calculate and provide the map distance (in map units) between the two genes.

Name: Date: Investigation: Is a dog more closely related to a coyote or a wolf? Gray Wolf Species Name: Canis lupus Color: Light gray to black Size: 80-120 pounds, 2.5 feet tall Appearance: broad snout, round ears, long tail Coyote Species Name: Canis latrans Color: Light gray to brown Size: 20-50 pounds, 1.5 feet tall Appearance: narrow snout, pointed ears, long tail Dog, Alaskan Malamute Species Name: Canis lupus familiaris Color: Gray and white or brown and white Size: 70-80 pounds, 2 feet tall Appearance: broad snout, round ears, long tail 1. Examine the images and descriptions above. Underline any similarities between the dog and the wolf. Place a star next to any coyote traits that are similar to the dog. 2. Based on appearance alone, which do you think is the most closely related to a dog? www.biologycorner.com

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