EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459299
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 41.2, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Consider a grassland with five trophic levels: grasses, mice, snakes, raccoons, and bobcats. If you released additional bobcats into the grassland, how would grass biomass change if the bottom-up model applied? If the top-down model applied? Explain.
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Questiion: A given ecosystem has the following amounts of energy available at each trophic level: Primary producers: 3,000 gC/m2/day; Primary consumers: 450 gC/m2/day; Secondary consumers: 45 gC/m2/day; Tertiary consumers: 2.25 gC/m2/day. Does this ecosystem follow Lindeman’s Law for ecological efficiency?
A- No, the average efficiency is 20%
B- Yes, the average efficiency is 20%
C- Yes, the average efficiency is 10%
D- No, the average efficiency is 10%
Q1: What percentage of the original 10,000 Kilocalories is available to a shark that might eat the tuna in this figure? Q2: What trophic level and term would describe a predator of tuna? Q3: Give an example of a primary consumer in a terrestrial environment.
Chapter 41 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Ch. 41.1 - Explain how interspecific competition, predation,...Ch. 41.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 41.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 22.13 illustrates how a...Ch. 41.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 41.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 41.2 - WHAT IF? Consider a grassland with five trophic...Ch. 41.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2 levels...Ch. 41.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 41.3 - During succession, how might the early species...Ch. 41.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 41.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 41.4 - Describe how an islands size and distance from the...Ch. 41.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilsons island...Ch. 41.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41 - The feeding relationships among the species in a...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 41 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 41 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 41 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY An ecologist studying plants in...Ch. 41 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 41 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION In Bateslan mimicry, a...Ch. 41 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Describe two types of...
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- need help to solvearrow_forwardhelp.arrow_forwardF5 Which option below most likely describes the nature of the pollutant and the trophic levels of each of the three species? 5 Pollutant Concentration (ng/g) 30- O Black squares represent a primary producer, red triangles an herbivore, and blue circles a predator. The pollutant is biomagnifying in the community. Blue circles represent a primary producer, black squares an herbivore, and red triangles a predator. The pollutant is biomagnifying in the community. Red triangles represent a primary producer, blue circles an herbivore, and black squares a predator. The pollutant is causing eutrophication of the lake. Red triangles represent a primary producer, black squares an herbivore, and blue circles a predator. The pollutant is neither biomagnifying nor causing eutrophication. F6 O A 6 E Year F7 F8 & 7 F9 * 8 DELL F10 9 F11 FO O ? F12 PrtScr ap 85°F Clear Insert Earrow_forward
- please help 3rd partarrow_forwardNeed helparrow_forwardCreate a model which accurately, in detail, depicts the potential pathways of carbon (biomass) and energy in an ecosystem with at least five trophic levels (don’t forget your decomposers, they can count as one trophic level). Make sure to incorporate the multiple pathways that biomass and energy could take at each trophic level. Lastly, clearly illustrate how carbon and energy flow in this ecosystem. Be sure to include adequate levels of detail for all pathways and differentiate the flow of carbon and energy in your model.arrow_forward
- select all that applyarrow_forwardGivearrow_forwardA given ecosystem has the following amounts of energy available at each trophic level: Primary producers: 4,000 gC/m2/day; Primary consumers: 480 gC/m2/day; Secondary consumers: 72 gC/m2/day; Tertiary consumers: 24 gC/m2/day. Does this ecosystem follow Lindeman's Law for ecological efficiency? No, the average efficiency is 20% O Yes, the average efficiency is 10% O No, the average efficiency is 10% O Yes, the average efficiency is 20%arrow_forward
- 2 In a temperate grassland ecosystem, total primary production was 12,740 g/m/yr. Annual net secondary production by the herbivorous insect community was 320.5 g/m/yr. Total net tertiary production by spiders was 22.6 g/m/yr. Calculate the trophic efficiency from the first trophic level to the third trophic level.arrow_forwardWHAT IF? Suppose a developer proposes to clear-cuta forest that serves as a corridor between two parks. Tocompensate, the developer also proposes to add the samearea of forest to one of the parks. As a professional ecologist, how might you argue for retaining the corridor?arrow_forwardSuppose that blue sheep are the most important prey of snow leopard, and that the predator‒prey interaction follows Lotka‒Volterra dynamics. The mortality rate of snow leopard in the absence of blue sheep is 0.1 per week, and the intrinsic growth rate of blue sheep in the absence of snow leopard predation is 0.2 per week. Snow leopard capture efficiency is 0.002, and the efficiency at which blue sheep biomass is converted into snow leopard biomass is 0.2. If there are initially 30 snow leopards and 400 blue sheep, the overall rate of change in the blue sheep population will be a gain of ____ per week.arrow_forward
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