EBK BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 8220102797376
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: YUZU
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 41, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Nerves relay messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system. Additionally, they carry the messages from the central nervous system to muscles and other organs. The messages are carried by the nerves in the form of electrical impulses. The signals that reach the cell body stimulate the neuron to generate its own signal in the form of the action potential and relay it to the next neuron or the effector organs.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)?
A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane.
B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP.
C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP.
D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels .
E. All of the above statements are FALSE.
Action potentials are normally initiated at the axon hillock because
a. there is a particularly high density of voltage-gated sodium channels there.
b. threshold potential is lower there than at other sites along the plasma membrane.
c. activation of sodium channels at the axon hillock results in a particularly strong inward current and consequent depolarization.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the action potential?
A. At the peak of the action potential there are approximately an equal amount of open voltage gated sodium and potassium channels
B. To reach threshold the action potential requires the activity of sodium potassium pump
C. During the rising phase (prior to the peak) of the action potential more voltage gated sodium channels are open than voltage gated potassium channels
D. None of the choice options are TRUE of the action potential
E. The overshoot phase (below resting membrane potential) is a result of voltage gated sodium channels taking a long time to close.
Chapter 41 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 41.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 41.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 41.4 - What key prior observation led Loewi to develop...Ch. 41.4 - CoreSKILL The results of Loewis experiment...
Ch. 41.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 41 - Prob. 1TYCh. 41 - Prob. 2TYCh. 41 - The myelin sheath a. is produced by neurons in the...Ch. 41 - Prob. 4TYCh. 41 - Prob. 5TYCh. 41 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 41 - Prob. 7TYCh. 41 - Prob. 8TYCh. 41 - Prob. 9TYCh. 41 - Prob. 10TYCh. 41 - Prob. 1CQCh. 41 - Prob. 2CQCh. 41 - Prob. 3CQCh. 41 - Describe the difference between an electrical...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2COQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Action potential conduction velocity is more rapid in a myelinated axon than an unmyelinated one because in a myelinated axon: a. the action potential travels as a continuous wave. b. there is a decrease in membrane resistance. c. the action potential jumps along the axon. d. there is an increase in membrane capacitance. e. there is an increase in the ion gradients.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials? a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons. b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron. c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel. d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction e. Action potentials move slowly.arrow_forwardSequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first event, 2 next to the second event, and so on. a. _____ The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ flood the cytoplasm, and depolarization occurs. b. _____ K+ continue to flow out of the axon until the membrane is hyperpolarized. c. _____ Local potentials cause the membrane to depolarize to threshold. d. _____ The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ begin to exit the axon, and repolarization begins. e. _____ Repolarization continues and Na+ channels return to restingarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. graded potentials can sum over time and space, action potential cannot b. action potentials have refractory periods, graded potentials do not c. action potentials are all-or-none, graded potentials are not d. graded potentials and action potentials are caused by ions moving through open channels e. all of the above statements are true (if all of the above are true this is the correct answer) ....arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the repolarization of a neuron? a. The potassium channels are slower to open, allowing the potassium ions to leave after depolarization. b. The potassium ions leave the cell, thereby returning the neuron to its resting potential. c. The neuron becomes more polarized and more negatively charged than its original resting membrane potential. d. The sodium and potassium channels open, allowing the positive ions to move out of the cell.arrow_forwardRepolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by a. inward diffusion of Na+. b. active extrusion of K+. c. outward diffusion of K+. d. inward active transport of Na+.arrow_forward
- In a chemical synapse,a. action potentials in the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gatedCa2+channels to open.b. neurotransmitters can cause ligand-gated Na+ channels to open.c. neurotransmitters can be broken down by enzymes.d. neurotransmitters can be taken up by the presynaptic terminal.e. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardThe axon hillock of a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation and the membrane potential becomes completely reversed. Then, suddenly, the membrane potential begins to return to resting membrane potential. What is the event that triggers this return to resting potential? A. Na+ channels close in a voltage-dependent manner B. Na+ channels close in a time-dependent manner C. Na+ channels close in a chemically-dependent manner D. Na+ channels open in a voltage-dependent mannerarrow_forwardThere is a type of toxin found in the liver of the puffer fish that prevents the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels in neurons. The effect of this toxin is to: Group of answer choices A. prevents the initiation of the action potential B. depolarizes the membrane potential and maintains it depolarized C. prolongs the return of the membrane potential to the resting level D. increases the duration of the action potentialarrow_forward
- During an action potential, the inside of the cell membrane becomes more positive than the outside. Why does this happen? a. During depolarization, the sodium ions rush in and the potassium ions have not begun rushing out, making the inside more positive. b. During depolarization, the sodium ions rush in and the potassium ions have not begun rushing out, making the outside more positive. c. During depolarization, the potassium ions rush in and the sodium ions have begun rushing out, making the inside more positive. d. During depolarization, the sodium ions rush in and the potassium ions have begun rushing out, making the outside more positive.arrow_forwardA neuron with a resting membrane potential of -75 mV receives multiple inputs giving rise to the following post-synaptic potentials: -15 mV, 20 mV, -5 mV, 7 mV, and 22 mV. The threshold is -50 mV. What will be the outcome? An action potential (AP) will be generated because there are more positive than negative inputs а. b. No action potential because the presence of a single IPSP is sufficient to prevent an AP О с. An action potential (AP) will be generated because the sum exceeds the threshold O d. An action potential (AP) will be generated because the sum of inputs is a positive value Ое. No action potential (AP) will be generated because the sum of inputs is below the thresholdarrow_forwardA neuron must reach threshold to fire an action potential. In this context, threshold refers to which event? a. voltage at which damage occurs to the membrane because of the electrical charge b. the voltage at which potassium ions begin to flow in and out of the cell c. the voltage at which voltage-gated sodium channels open d. the voltage at which the neuron can no longer produce an action potential According to studies in developing rodents, testosterone treatment causes detectable changes in: a. the sex region Y gene b. the thalamus c. the hypothalamus d. alpha-fetoproteinarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Nervous System - Get to know our nervous system a bit closer, how does it works? | Neurology; Author: FreeMedEducation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O-0CVAgaEM;License: Standard youtube license