ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781266633973
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 4.1, Problem 1P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The molecular formula of
Concept introduction: Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which all the carbon atoms are bonded with single covalent bonds along with hydrogen atoms. They are also called alkanes. Alkanes are stable and less reactive hydrocarbons compared to
They are the most stable organic compounds with hydrogen atoms. In the long chain alkanes, the parent chain can be unbranched or branched depending on the structural formula of the alkane.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Both olives and the leaves of olive trees contain alkanes with long carbon chains. A predominant alkane in olives has 27 carbons, whereas a major alkane component in olive leaves has 31 carbons. What is the molecular formula of each of these alkanes?
Gasohol is a mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH. Ethanol is considered an environmentally friendly fuel additive because it can be made from a renewable source—sugarcane. Ethanol burns in air to form CO 2 and H 2O, and, like the combustion of alkanes, this reaction also releases a great deal of energy. Write a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol.
Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. Acyclic alkanes have carbon atoms arranged in chains, whereas cycloalkanes have carbon atoms arranged in one or more rings.
How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 33 carbon atoms?
H atomsH atoms:
How many hydrogen atoms are in a cycloalkane with 33 carbon atoms?
H atomsH atoms:
Chapter 4 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 4.1 - Problem 4.2 Which of the following is not another...Ch. 4.1 - Problem 4.3 Draw the five constitutional isomers...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4PCh. 4.1 - Prob. 5PCh. 4.2 - Draw the five constitutional isomers that have...Ch. 4.4 - Problem 4.7 Give the IUPAC name for each...Ch. 4.4 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound. a....Ch. 4.4 - Problem 4.9 Give the structure corresponding to...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 4.5 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 4.5 - Give the structure corresponding to each IUPAC...Ch. 4.8 - Arrange the following compounds in order of...Ch. 4.9 - Problem 4.14 Draw the staggered and eclipsed...Ch. 4.9 - Prob. 15PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 16PCh. 4.10 - Problem 4.17 a. Draw the three staggered and...Ch. 4.10 - Problem 4.18 Rank the following conformations in...Ch. 4.10 - Problem 4.19 Consider rotation around the...Ch. 4.10 - Calculate the destabilization present in each...Ch. 4.12 - Problem 4.21 Classify the ring carbons as up or...Ch. 4.12 - Problem 4.22 Using the cyclohexane with the C’s...Ch. 4.13 - Draw a second chair conformation for each...Ch. 4.13 - Problem 4.24 Draw both conformations for and...Ch. 4.13 - Problem 4.25 Draw the structure for each compound...Ch. 4.13 - Prob. 26PCh. 4.14 - Prob. 31PCh. 4.14 - Prob. 32PCh. 4.15 - Prob. 33PCh. 4 - Name each alkane using the ball-and-stick model,...Ch. 4 -
4.40 Draw the structure corresponding to each...Ch. 4 - 4.42 Give the IUPAC name for each compound.
a....Ch. 4 - Prob. 42PCh. 4 - 4.46 Considering rotation around the bond...Ch. 4 - 4.50 Calculate the barrier to rotation for each...Ch. 4 - 4.51 The eclipsed conformation of is less...Ch. 4 - (a) Draw the anti and gauche conformations for...Ch. 4 - For each compound drawn below: a.Label each OH,Br...Ch. 4 - Draw the two possible chair conformations for...Ch. 4 - For each compound drawn below: a. Draw...Ch. 4 - Classify each pair of compounds as constitutional...Ch. 4 - Prob. 66PCh. 4 - 4.64 Draw the products of combustion of each...Ch. 4 - 4.65 Hydrocarbons like benzene are metabolized in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69PCh. 4 - Prob. 70PCh. 4 - Cyclopropane and cyclobutane have similar strain...Ch. 4 - Prob. 72PCh. 4 - Haloethanes (CH3CH2X,X=Cl,Br,I) have similar...Ch. 4 - Prob. 74PCh. 4 - Prob. 75PCh. 4 - Consider the tricyclic structure B (a) Label each...Ch. 4 - Read Appendix B on naming branched alkyl...Ch. 4 - Read Appendix B on naming bicyclic compounds. Then...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the following false statements regarding nomenclature of hydrocarbons. a. The root name for a hydrocarbon is based on the shortest continuous chain of carbon atoms. b. The suffix used to name all hydrocarbons is -ane. c. Substituent groups are numbered so as to give the largest numbers possible. d. No number is required to indicate the positions of double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes. e. Substituent groups get the lowest number possible in alkenes and alkynes. f. The ortho- term in aromatic hydrocarbons indicates the presence of two substituent groups bonded to carbon- 1 and carbon-3 in benzene.arrow_forwardHow does the structure of a cycloalkane differ from that of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkane?arrow_forwardWrite the molecular formula of each alkane.arrow_forward
- Complete and balance the following combustion reactions. Assume that each hydrocarbon is converted completely to carbon dioxide and water. (a) Propane + O2 (b) Octane + O2 (c) Cyclohexane + O2 (d) 2-Methylpentane + O2arrow_forwardList four common fuels used by our society, and draw structural formulas for the corresponding hydrocarbons that compose them.arrow_forwardAlcohols A, B and C all have the composition C4H 100. Molecules of alcohol A contain a branched carbon chain and can be oxidized to an aldehyde; molecules of alcohol B contain a linear carbon chain and can be oxidized to a ketone; and molecules of alcohol C can be oxidized to neither an aldehyde nor a ketone. Write the Lewis structures of these molecules.arrow_forward
- . With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo reactions, whereby a new atom rep laces one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane.arrow_forwardDistinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.arrow_forwardWhat are aromatic hydrocarbons? Benzene exhibits resonance. Explain. What are the bond angles in benzene? Give a detailed description of the bonding in benzene. The electrons in benzene are delocalized, while the electrons in simple alkenes and alkynes are localized. Explain the difference.arrow_forward
- Alcohols are very useful starting materials for the production of many different compounds. The following conversions, starting with 1-butanol, can be carried out in two or more steps. Show the steps (reactants/catalysts) you would follow to carry out the conversions, drawing the formula for the organic product in each step. For each step, a major product must be produced. (See Exercise 62.) (Hint: In the presence of H+, an alcohol is converted into an alkene and water. This is the exact reverse of the reaction of adding water to an alkene to form an alcohol.) a. 1-butanol butane b. 1-butanol 2-butanonearrow_forwardAlkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 8 carbon atoms? H atoms: How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 16 carbon atoms? H atoms:arrow_forwardexplain structural isomerism in aliphatic alkanes and geometric isomerism in alkenes. Describe structural isomerism and the different types that exist. With the aid of diagrams use the molecular formulae C5H12 and C5H10 to explain structural isomerism in aliphatic alkanes and alkenes. Describe geometric isomerism. With the aid of diagrams use the molecular formula C5H10 to explain geometric isomerism in alkenes.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning