The roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling. Introduction: Bone remodeling (also called bone metabolism ) is a continuous, lifelong process. It is triggered by factors such as physical stress, physiological changes, and other changes. Bone remodeling occurs in mature bones. It may involve the removal and replacement of old bone tissue as well. After an accident or a fracture, this process allows bone repair. This also affects muscles, as they are attached to bones. With increased physical activity and movement of bones, the muscles become stronger and tougher. It occurs basically by two processes: bone formation and bone resorption.

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Imagine you are a botanist. Below are characteristics of a never-before described plant species recently identified as part of the ‘All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory’ (ATBI). Field Notes: Specimen collected from shaded area along stream in South Cumberland State Park (Grundy County, TN). Laboratory Analysis: Body: Large leaves emerging from underground rhizome. Size: 63 cm Chromosomal Analysis: Plant body is diploid—chromosome number of 44. Lignin test: Positive Cuticle: Present Leaves: Present—large with branched veins. Underside has sori (containing haploid spores). Roots: Present—branch from the inside. Stem: Present—vascular tissue (xylem & phloem) present. Life History: Diploid sporophyte dominant generation. Haploid spores germinate into heart-shaped, haploid, gametophyte. Water required for fertilization; no seed is produced. Diploid zygote develops into sporophyte. Explain which domain, kingdom and phylum you believe this plant should be classified…

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Chapter 40.2, Problem 4C

Summary Introduction

To describe: The roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling.

Introduction: Bone remodeling (also called bone metabolism) is a continuous, lifelong process. It is triggered by factors such as physical stress, physiological changes, and other changes. Bone remodeling occurs in mature bones. It may involve the removal and replacement of old bone tissue as well. After an accident or a fracture, this process allows bone repair. This also affects muscles, as they are attached to bones. With increased physical activity and movement of bones, the muscles become stronger and tougher. It occurs basically by two processes: bone formation and bone resorption.

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Imagine you are a botanist. Below are characteristics of a never-before described plant species recently identified as part of the ‘All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory’ (ATBI). Field Notes: Specimen collected from shaded area along stream in South Cumberland State Park (Grundy County, TN). Laboratory Analysis: Body: Large leaves emerging from underground rhizome. Size: 63 cm Chromosomal Analysis: Plant body is diploid—chromosome number of 44. Lignin test: Positive Cuticle: Present Leaves: Present—large with branched veins. Underside has sori (containing haploid spores). Roots: Present—branch from the inside. Stem: Present—vascular tissue (xylem & phloem) present. Life History: Diploid sporophyte dominant generation. Haploid spores germinate into heart-shaped, haploid, gametophyte. Water required for fertilization; no seed is produced. Diploid zygote develops into sporophyte. Explain which domain, kingdom and phylum you believe this plant should be classified…

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