Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305104136
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Chapter 4, Problem 9E
Describe how replication protects against fraud being committed in research.
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Name some useful strategies to prevent the round off error from growing?
Mammography and clinical breast examination are the two major techniques used to screen
for breast cancer. However, as true for any screening test, they are not completely accurate.
If it is determined, based on mammographic findings, that there is a possibility of breast
cancer, this is usually confirmed or disconfirmed by a subsequent biopsy. A false positive test
is a mammogram positive test that is disconfirmed by biopsy. The data in Table 1 were
reported in a paper concerning breast cancer screening (Elmore, et al, New England Journal
of Medicine 1998; 338(16): 1089-1096).
Table 1 False positive breast cancer screening tests over a 10-year period
# Screening tests
# False positive tests
9762
631
1. Another aspect of mammographic screening is the presence of false negatives. A false negative
is a screen negative woman who has breast cancer.
False negatives usually occur because the tumors are small and hard to detect. It is estimated
that among women with breast cancer, 2% of all…
Mammography and clinical breast examination are the two major techniques used to screen
for breast cancer. However, as true for any screening test, they are not completely accurate.
If it is determined, based on mammographic findings, that there is a possibility of breast
cancer, this is usually confirmed or disconfirmed by a subsequent biopsy. A false positive test
is a mammogram positive test that is disconfirmed by biopsy. The data in Table 1 were
reported in a paper concerning breast cancer screening (Elmore, et al, New England Journal
of Medicine 1998; 338(16): 1089-1096).
Table 1 False positive breast cancer screening tests over a 10-year period
# Screening tests
# False positive tests
9762
631
1. Suppose that 5% of all mammograms are obtained from women who truly have breast cancer.
What is the proportion of mammograms that will yield test positive results?
Hint: Subdivide the probability of a test positive mammogram into two mutually exclusive
components of {test positive…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.2 - Describe the major historical events that helped...Ch. 4.2 - Describe and apply the three ethical principles of...Ch. 4.2 - Describe the major elements of the APA ethical...Ch. 4.3 - Describe the major elements of the APA ethical...Ch. 4.3 - Describe the purpose and responsibilities of the...Ch. 4.4 - Define fraud and explain the safeguards that exist...Ch. 4.4 - Define plagiarism and explain the techniques that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - For each of the following, identify which of the...Ch. 4 - Explain the role of voluntary participation in...
Ch. 4 - Explain the difference between passive and active...Ch. 4 - Explain how the enforcement of confidentiality...Ch. 4 - Describe in your own words the criteria that the...Ch. 4 - Find your colleges IRB guidelines and procedures...Ch. 4 - Summarize the major APA ethical standards...Ch. 4 - Describe how replication protects against fraud...Ch. 4 - Although experiments typically manipulate some...
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