Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781119329398
Author: Gerard J Tortora, Bryan Derrickson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 9CP
Where are endothelium and mesothelium located?
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 4 - l. Define a tissue.
Ch. 4 - What are the four basic types of human tissues?Ch. 4 - 3. Which type of cell junction prevents the...Ch. 4 - Which types of cell junctions are found in...Ch. 4 - 5. Why are epithelial and connective tissues found...Ch. 4 - Describe the various layering arrangements and...Ch. 4 - What characteristics are common to all epithelial...Ch. 4 - Checkpoint 8:
How is the structure of the...Ch. 4 - Where are endothelium and mesothelium located?Ch. 4 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 4 - In what ways does connective tissue differ from...Ch. 4 - What are the features of the cells, ground...Ch. 4 - 13. How are connective tissues classified? List...Ch. 4 - Describe how the structure of the following...Ch. 4 - What is the difference between interstitial and...Ch. 4 - 16. Define the following kinds of membranes:...Ch. 4 - Where is each type of membrane located in the...Ch. 4 - 18. Which types of muscular tissue are striated?...Ch. 4 - Which types of muscular tissue have gap junctions?Ch. 4 - 20. What are the functions of the dendrites, cell...Ch. 4 - 21. Why is electrical excitability important to...Ch. 4 - 22. How are stromal and parenchymal repair of a...Ch. 4 - What is the importance of granulation tissue?Ch. 4 - 24. What common changes occur in epithelial and...Ch. 4 - 1. Imagine that you live 50 years in the future,...Ch. 4 - 2. You are entering a “Cutest Baby Contest” and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CTQ
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