In areas where the air temperature remains below 0°C for prolonged periods of time, the freezing of water in underground pipes is a major concern. Fortunately, the soil remains relatively warm during those periods, and it takes weeks for the subfreezing temperatures to reach the water mains in the ground. Thus, the soil effectively serves as an insulation to protect the water from the freezing atmospheric temperatures in winter. The ground at a particular location is covered with snowpack at -8°C for a continuous period of 60 days, and the average soil properties at that location are k = 0 .35 W/m .K and α = 0 .15 × 10 -6 m 2 /s . Assuming an initial uniform temperature of’ 8°C for the ground, determine the minimum burial depth to prevent the water pipes from freezing.
In areas where the air temperature remains below 0°C for prolonged periods of time, the freezing of water in underground pipes is a major concern. Fortunately, the soil remains relatively warm during those periods, and it takes weeks for the subfreezing temperatures to reach the water mains in the ground. Thus, the soil effectively serves as an insulation to protect the water from the freezing atmospheric temperatures in winter. The ground at a particular location is covered with snowpack at -8°C for a continuous period of 60 days, and the average soil properties at that location are k = 0 .35 W/m .K and α = 0 .15 × 10 -6 m 2 /s . Assuming an initial uniform temperature of’ 8°C for the ground, determine the minimum burial depth to prevent the water pipes from freezing.
Solution Summary: The author calculates the minimum burial depth to avoid freezing of water pipes.
In areas where the air temperature remains below 0°C for prolonged periods of time, the freezing of water in underground pipes is a major concern. Fortunately, the soil remains relatively warm during those periods, and it takes weeks for the subfreezing temperatures to reach the water mains in the ground. Thus, the soil effectively serves as an insulation to protect the water from the freezing atmospheric temperatures in winter.
The ground at a particular location is covered with snowpack at -8°C for a continuous period of 60 days, and the average soil properties at that location are
k = 0
.35 W/m
.K and
α
= 0
.15
×
10
-6
m
2
/s
. Assuming an initial uniform temperature of’ 8°C for the ground, determine the minimum burial depth to prevent the water pipes from freezing.
Can you provide steps and an explaination on how the height value to calculate the Pressure at point B is (-5-3.5) and the solution is 86.4kPa.
PROBLEM 3.46
The solid cylindrical rod BC of length L = 600
mm is attached to the rigid lever AB of length a
= 380 mm and to the support at C. When a 500
N force P is applied at A, design specifications
require that the displacement of A not exceed
25 mm when a 500 N force P is applied at A
For the material indicated determine the
required diameter of the rod.
Aluminium: Tall = 65 MPa, G = 27 GPa.
A
Find the equivalent mass of the rocker arm assembly with respect to the x coordinate.
k₁
mi
m2
k₁
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