Chapter 4, Problem 50P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Cis–trans isomerism (or) geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism:

The two similar groups (or higher priority groups) are in same side in double bond of alkenes is called as cis isomer (or Z-isomer). Two similar groups (or higher priority groups) are opposite side in double bond of alkenes is called as trans isomer (or E-isomer).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pair of structures identical compounds, enantiomers, diastereomers, or constitutional isomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Constitutional Isomers: A molecule having same molecular formula with different structural formulas (Difference in the connectivity of the molecule is called constitutional isomer).

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Cis–trans isomerism (or) geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism:

The two similar groups (or higher priority groups) are in same side in double bond of alkenes is called as cis isomer (or Z-isomer). Two similar groups (or higher priority groups) are opposite side in double bond of alkenes is called as trans isomer (or E-isomer).