Chapter 4, Problem 4MC

Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hipreplace) to observe hip replacement surgery (total hip arthroplasty), which can be used to alleviate the pain and loss of joint mobility associated with osteoarthritis of the hip joint. What is the most common cause of hip disability?

Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/kneesurgery) to perform a virtual knee replacement surgery. The prosthetic knee components must be properly aligned to function properly. How is this alignment ensured?

Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/TMJ) to learn about TMJ. Opening of the mouth requires the combination of two motions at the temporomandibular joint, an anterior gliding motion of the articular disc and mandible and the downward hinging of the mandible. What is the initial movement of the mandible during opening and how much mouth opening does this produce?

Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hipjoint2) to learn more about the anatomy of the hip joint, including bones, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Where is the articular cartilage thickest within the hip joint?

Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/synjoints) to see an animation of synovial joints in action. Synovial joints are places where bones articulate with each other inside of a joint cavity. The different types of synovial joints are the ball-and-socket joint (shoulder joint), hinge joint (knee), pivot joint (atlantoaxial joint, between C1 and C2 vertebrae of the neck), condyloid joint (radiocarpal joint of the wrist), saddle joint (first carpometacarpal joint, between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone, at the base of the thumb), and plane joint (facet joints of vertebral column, between superior and inferior articular processes). Which type of synovial joint allows for the widest ranges of motion?

Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and provide structures against which the force of muscle contraction can work. b. differ from exoskeletons in that endoskeletons do not support the external body. c. cannot be found in echinoderms. d. are composed of cartilaginous structures that form the skull. e. compose the arms and legs.

The elbow is an example of which type of joint? hinge pivot saddle gliding

Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/anklejoint2) to learn more about the anatomy of the ankle joint, including bones, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The ankle joint resembles what type of joint used in woodworking?

The movement of bone away from the midline of the body is called _____________. circumduction extension adduction abduction