Chapter 4, Problem 4.81QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.
• Disproportion reaction is the special type of reaction where an element in one oxidation state is simultaneously oxidised and reduced.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{+2OH}}^{\text{-}}\to {\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}{\text{+ClO}}^{\text{-}}{\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

On the left side, the oxidation number of chlorine in $C{l}_2$ is zero and on the right side the oxidation number of $C{l}^{-}$ is $-1$ , which means chlorine is reduced. In ${\text{ClO}}^{\text{-}}$, oxidation number is +2 and is oxidized in the given reaction. So the given reaction is a disproportionation redox reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{ + CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\to {\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}\downarrow$

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

  ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{ + CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\to {\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}\downarrow$

• The solutions of ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}$ are mixed together to form a ${\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}$ precipitate so it is a precipitation reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{+H}}^{\text{+}}\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}$

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.
• The oxidation number of nitrogen and hydrogen do not change. This is not a redox reaction.$N{H}_3$ is a base and $H^{+}$ is an acid. So it is and acid-base reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{2CCl}}_{\text{4}}{\text{+ CrO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\to {\text{2COCl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{+ CrO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{+ 2Cl}}^{\text{-}}$

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.
• In the above given reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of the reactants such as carbon, chlorine, chromium and oxygen. So it is a combination reaction.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{Ca + F}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{CaF}}_{\text{2}}$

• The Fluorine is gained one electron to produce the ${\text{F}}^{\text{-}}$ ion and Calcium has lost two electrons to produce ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ ion. So it is a redox reaction.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{2Li+H}}_{\text{2}}\to \text{2LiH}$

• The Hydrogen is gained a one electron to produce the ${\text{H}}^{\text{-}}$ ion and Lithium has lost one electron to produce ${\text{Li}}^{\text{+}}$ ion. So it is a redox reaction.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{Ba(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4(s)}}\downarrow {\text{+2Na(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{(aq)}}$

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

  ${\text{Ba(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4(s)}}\downarrow {\text{+2Na(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{(aq)}}$

• The reaction between ${\text{Ba(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}\text{and}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ is produce the ${\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4}}$ precipitate so it is a precipitation reaction.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{CuO+H}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{Cu+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

• The copper is gained a two electron to produce the $\text{Cu}$ metal.  So it is a redox reaction.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

$\text{Zn+2HCl}\to {\text{ZnCl}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$

• The Zinc metal has lost two electrons to produce the ${\text{ZnCl}}_{\text{2}}$ salt.  So, it is a redox reaction.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be classified based on its type.

Concept introduction:

Redox reaction:

• The chemical reaction in which, oxidation reaction and reduction reaction always occurs together and are called  oxidation reduction reaction, abbreviated as redox reaction.

Acid -Base reaction:

• The reaction between acid and base to produce a salt is called acid-base reaction.

Precipitation reaction:

• If precipitate is formed, when the two solutions are mixed together is called precipitation reaction.

Combination reaction:

• In the reaction, there is no change in oxidation numbers of atoms present in the reactants and products is and only the product is offered by the combination of reactants is called combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is

${\text{2FeCl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{+Cl}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{2FeCl}}_{\text{3}}$

• The iron ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2}}{}^{\text{+ }}$ has lost one electron to produce the ${\text{FeCl}}_{\text{3}}$ so, it is a redox reaction.