(a) Interpretation: The product X obtained after the acid catalyzed hydration of methylenecyclobutane is to stated. Concept introduction: The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.59AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product X obtained after the acid catalyzed hydration of methylenecyclobutane is to stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the reactive intermediate formed in the rate-limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transition state of the rate-limiting step is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Hammond’s postulate states that the structure and energy of the transition state, of a reaction, having intermediate with relatively higher free energy than the reactant and products can be approximated using the structure and energy of intermediate.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.

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Part II. two unbranched ketone have molecular formulla (C8H100). El-ms showed that both of them have a molecular ion peak at m/2 =128. However ketone (A) has a fragment peak at m/2 = 99 and 72 while ketone (B) snowed a fragment peak at m/2 = 113 and 58. 9) Propose the most plausible structures for both ketones b) Explain how you arrived at your conclusion by drawing the Structures of the distinguishing fragments for each ketone, including their fragmentation mechanisms.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.59AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product X obtained after the acid catalyzed hydration of methylenecyclobutane is to stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the reactive intermediate formed in the rate-limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transition state of the rate-limiting step is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Hammond’s postulate states that the structure and energy of the transition state, of a reaction, having intermediate with relatively higher free energy than the reactant and products can be approximated using the structure and energy of intermediate.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.59AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product X obtained after the acid catalyzed hydration of methylenecyclobutane is to stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the reactive intermediate formed in the rate-limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transition state of the rate-limiting step is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Hammond’s postulate states that the structure and energy of the transition state, of a reaction, having intermediate with relatively higher free energy than the reactant and products can be approximated using the structure and energy of intermediate.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.59AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product X obtained after the acid catalyzed hydration of methylenecyclobutane is to stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the reactive intermediate formed in the rate-limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transition state of the rate-limiting step is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Hammond’s postulate states that the structure and energy of the transition state, of a reaction, having intermediate with relatively higher free energy than the reactant and products can be approximated using the structure and energy of intermediate.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.59AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product X obtained after the acid catalyzed hydration of methylenecyclobutane is to stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the reactive intermediate formed in the rate-limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transition state of the rate-limiting step is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Hammond’s postulate states that the structure and energy of the transition state, of a reaction, having intermediate with relatively higher free energy than the reactant and products can be approximated using the structure and energy of intermediate.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.59AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product X obtained after the acid catalyzed hydration of methylenecyclobutane is to stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.59AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product X obtained after the acid catalyzed hydration of methylenecyclobutane is to stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the reactive intermediate formed in the rate-limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the reactive intermediate formed in the rate-limiting step of the reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. The water molecule is added to the alkene resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The more substituted alcohol is the major product.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transition state of the rate-limiting step is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Hammond’s postulate states that the structure and energy of the transition state, of a reaction, having intermediate with relatively higher free energy than the reactant and products can be approximated using the structure and energy of intermediate.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transition state of the rate-limiting step is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Hammond’s postulate states that the structure and energy of the transition state, of a reaction, having intermediate with relatively higher free energy than the reactant and products can be approximated using the structure and energy of intermediate.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.9P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10P

(d) Interpretation: The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated. Concept introduction: The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

(d)

Interpretation:

The rate limiting step for the dehydration of X is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The dehydration of alcohol is also done in the presence of the acid as catalyst. This reaction usually requires a higher temperature for the elimination of water molecule from the alcohol.