Which fatty acid out of behenic acid and erucic acid has a higher melting point is to be determined. Concept introduction: Melting point of a compound depends on the strength of the intermolecular interactions between its molecules. The stronger the interactions, higher the melting point. The type and strength of the intermolecular interactions depends on the functional groups present in the molecules. Weak induced dipole-induced dipole interactions are present in all molecules. In addition, molecules with polar groups also have relatively stronger dipole-dipole interactions and/or hydrogen bonding. When a molecule contains both polar and nonpolar groups, the relative strength of induced dipole-induced dipole interactions in the nonpolar part and the dipole-dipole interactions in the polar part depend on the length of the nonpolar part. If the nonpolar part consists of a long chain hydrocarbon, the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions can be stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar part. The larger the interacting surface area, the stronger the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. Long hydrocarbon chains have a large number of electrons, which increases the polarizability. The surface area also depends on whether the chain is straight or branched or folded. If the number of carbon atoms is the same, a straight chain has the largest surface area, while a branched or folded chain has a relatively low surface area over which it can interact with other molecules. So straight chain compounds have stronger induced dipole-induced dipole interactions, and therefore, higher melting points than branched or folded chain compounds with the same number of carbon atoms.

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Which fatty acid out of behenic acid and erucic acid has a higher melting point is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Melting point of a compound depends on the strength of the intermolecular interactions between its molecules. The stronger the interactions, higher the melting point.

The type and strength of the intermolecular interactions depends on the functional groups present in the molecules. Weak induced dipole-induced dipole interactions are present in all molecules. In addition, molecules with polar groups also have relatively stronger dipole-dipole interactions and/or hydrogen bonding.

When a molecule contains both polar and nonpolar groups, the relative strength of induced dipole-induced dipole interactions in the nonpolar part and the dipole-dipole interactions in the polar part depend on the length of the nonpolar part. If the nonpolar part consists of a long chain hydrocarbon, the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions can be stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar part. The larger the interacting surface area, the stronger the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. Long hydrocarbon chains have a large number of electrons, which increases the polarizability.

The surface area also depends on whether the chain is straight or branched or folded. If the number of carbon atoms is the same, a straight chain has the largest surface area, while a branched or folded chain has a relatively low surface area over which it can interact with other molecules. So straight chain compounds have stronger induced dipole-induced dipole interactions, and therefore, higher melting points than branched or folded chain compounds with the same number of carbon atoms.

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111 Carbonyl Chem Choosing reagants for a Wittig reaction What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 3 1 2 2. n-BuLi • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. × ©2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use

A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more reactants missing from the left-hand side, but there are no products missing from the right-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. . If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing reactants to the left-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. + T X O O лет-ле HO OH HO OH This transformation can't be done in one step.

Determine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: X+H₂O H* H+ Y OH OH Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X S

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Which fatty acid out of behenic acid and erucic acid has a higher melting point is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Melting point of a compound depends on the strength of the intermolecular interactions between its molecules. The stronger the interactions, higher the melting point.

The type and strength of the intermolecular interactions depends on the functional groups present in the molecules. Weak induced dipole-induced dipole interactions are present in all molecules. In addition, molecules with polar groups also have relatively stronger dipole-dipole interactions and/or hydrogen bonding.

When a molecule contains both polar and nonpolar groups, the relative strength of induced dipole-induced dipole interactions in the nonpolar part and the dipole-dipole interactions in the polar part depend on the length of the nonpolar part. If the nonpolar part consists of a long chain hydrocarbon, the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions can be stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar part. The larger the interacting surface area, the stronger the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. Long hydrocarbon chains have a large number of electrons, which increases the polarizability.

The surface area also depends on whether the chain is straight or branched or folded. If the number of carbon atoms is the same, a straight chain has the largest surface area, while a branched or folded chain has a relatively low surface area over which it can interact with other molecules. So straight chain compounds have stronger induced dipole-induced dipole interactions, and therefore, higher melting points than branched or folded chain compounds with the same number of carbon atoms.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Which fatty acid out of behenic acid and erucic acid has a higher melting point is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Melting point of a compound depends on the strength of the intermolecular interactions between its molecules. The stronger the interactions, higher the melting point.

The type and strength of the intermolecular interactions depends on the functional groups present in the molecules. Weak induced dipole-induced dipole interactions are present in all molecules. In addition, molecules with polar groups also have relatively stronger dipole-dipole interactions and/or hydrogen bonding.

When a molecule contains both polar and nonpolar groups, the relative strength of induced dipole-induced dipole interactions in the nonpolar part and the dipole-dipole interactions in the polar part depend on the length of the nonpolar part. If the nonpolar part consists of a long chain hydrocarbon, the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions can be stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar part. The larger the interacting surface area, the stronger the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. Long hydrocarbon chains have a large number of electrons, which increases the polarizability.

The surface area also depends on whether the chain is straight or branched or folded. If the number of carbon atoms is the same, a straight chain has the largest surface area, while a branched or folded chain has a relatively low surface area over which it can interact with other molecules. So straight chain compounds have stronger induced dipole-induced dipole interactions, and therefore, higher melting points than branched or folded chain compounds with the same number of carbon atoms.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55P

Interpretation Introduction