(a) Interpretation: The shape of the NH 2 − by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn. Concept introduction: Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape of the NH2− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape of the PO33− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape of the BeCl42− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape of the ClO4− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

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Part II. Given two isomers: 2-methylpentane (A) and 2,2-dimethyl butane (B) answer the following: (a) match structures of isomers given their mass spectra below (spectra A and spectra B) (b) Draw the fragments given the following prominent peaks from each spectrum: Spectra A m/2 =43 and 1/2-57 spectra B m/2 = 43 (c) why is 1/2=57 peak in spectrum A more intense compared to the same peak in spectrum B. Relative abundance Relative abundance 100 A 50 29 29 0 10 -0 -0 100 B 50 720 30 41 43 57 71 4-0 40 50 60 70 m/z 43 57 8-0 m/z = 86 M 90 100 71 m/z = 86 M -O 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -88 m/z 90 100

Part IV. C6H5 CH2CH2OH is an aromatic compound which was subjected to Electron Ionization - mass spectrometry (El-MS) analysis. Prominent m/2 values: m/2 = 104 and m/2 = 9) was obtained. Draw the structures of these fragments.

For each reaction shown below follow the curved arrows to complete each equationby showing the structure of the products. Identify the acid, the base, the conjugated acid andconjugated base. Consutl the pKa table and choose the direciton theequilibrium goes. However show the curved arrows. Please explain if possible.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape of the NH2− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape of the PO33− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape of the BeCl42− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape of the ClO4− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape of the NH2− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape of the PO33− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape of the BeCl42− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape of the ClO4− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape of the NH2− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape of the PO33− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape of the BeCl42− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape of the ClO4− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape of the NH2− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape of the PO33− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape of the BeCl42− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape of the ClO4− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape of the NH2− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape of the NH2− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape of the PO33− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape of the PO33− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape of the BeCl42− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape of the BeCl42− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape of the ClO4− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape of the ClO4− by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is a representation of a chemical formula of substance with valance electrons of atoms. According to VSEPR theory, electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom repel one another and try to minimize this repulsion by increasing their separation distance. This is done by forming bond between central atom and other atoms.

Answer 14

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 4 - Refer to the group numbers of the periodic table...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2E Ch. 4 - Write abbreviated electronic configurations for...Ch. 4 - Write abbreviated electronic configurations for...Ch. 4 - Draw Lewis structure for the elements given in...Ch. 4 - Draw Lewis structures for the elements given in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7E Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8E Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.9E Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10E

Solution Summary: The author explains the shape of the NH_ 2- molecule by first drawing a Lewis structure, then applying the VSEPR theory is bent.

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