Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4.2CC
You have discovered a new organism living in marine sediments. What tools or techniques would you use to determine if it is bacterial, archaeal, or eukaryotic? Perhaps consider the three historical strands of cell biology—cytology, biochemistry, and genetics.
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Using bright-field microscopy to look at a slide prepared with a basic dye you observe cells with a clear inner compartment within the cell at 400X magnification. The cell is most likely a(n)
A) prokaryote.
B) bacterium.
C) archaeon.
D) eukaryote.
a) Do you think that most plant and animal cells are similar to does we observed today?
b) Both atoms and the cells viewed today are small. Describe at least teo ways in which atoms and cells differ?
c) What criteria can you use to distinguish between cells of the organisms belonging to different eukaryotic kingdoms (planta, animals , fungi)
Part B: Observation of Prokaryotic Cells
Because of the small size of prokaryotic cells, your observation will focus on distinguishing
between cell shape and cell arrangement. Together, appearance and arrangement are used to
characterize bacteria.
Bacteria have three basic shapes (Figure 7.1): cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod), spirilla (spiral).
Bacteria can also be differentiated based on their cell arrangement (Figure 7.1): diplo (pairs),
strepto (chains), staphylo (clusters).
Activity 2: Observe Prokaryotic Cell Specimen
Refer to each photo and answer the question using the information provided in Figure 7.1 and
Table 7.2
Domain=
Coccus
single
chain
pair
tetrad
8
8
8
Bacillus
single
fusiform
chain
Spirillum
Specimen =
What identifying characteristics of this organ-
ism helped you to determine its specimen's
name?
Domain=
Specimen name=
What identifying characteristics of this or-
ganism helped you to determine its speci-
men's name?
CHayden-McNeil, LLC
Domain=
Figure 7.1. Bacterial…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Why do scientists currently believe that RNA,...Ch. 4 - You have discovered a new organism living in...Ch. 4 - If a scientist were studying a disease in which...Ch. 4 - Imagine that you are building an artificial...Ch. 4 - If viruses are nonliving particles, how can they...Ch. 4 - Wrong Again. For each of the following false...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2PSCh. 4 - Toward an Artificial Cell. Scientists have...Ch. 4 - Sentence Completion. Complete each of the...Ch. 4 - Telling Them Apart. Suggest a way to distinguish...
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- What type of micrograph is shown below? Is the organism pictured prokaryotic or eukaryotic? How can you tell?arrow_forwardDescribe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. Define viruses, and explain how they relate to living cells. Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. Explain the tenets of Cell Theory Describe how microscopy led to the Germ Theory of infectious disease Define the germ theory of disease. Explain how Koch's postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. Explain the problems in interpreting Koch's postulates in practice.arrow_forwardat would happen if an organism lost the ability to carry out cell division? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a) Cells can recover on its own if they are damaged. b) Damaged cells will not be replaced by new cell and organism may not function well. c) Organism will continue to function normally d) Adult organism does not depend on cell divisionarrow_forward
- Indicate whether the following structures occur in Bacteria, Eukarya or both. Also indicate one function for the structure. 1 ) Ribosomes2) Nucleus3) Cell wall4) Flagella5) Fimbriaearrow_forwardScientific evidence suggests that cells evolved as symbiotic relationships between bacteria (or proto-bacteria) that became cell organelles, including mitochondria. a) True b) Falsearrow_forwardWhat structures can be used to distinguish between prokaryoticcells and eukaryotic cells?arrow_forward
- You have discovered a new coccoid-shaped microorganism with no nucleus, a rigid cell wall, and a diameter of 2 μm. Chemical tests reveal that its cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan. The new microorganism is A) most likely a bacterium. B) most likely a eukaryote. C) most likely an archaeon. D) either a bacterium or an archaeon.arrow_forwardWhat types of biological abilities can be combined to create more capable, more complex cells? How does the presecence of different types of ribosomes inside a eukaryotic cell strengthen the endosymbiotic theory? How does chloroplasts and mitochondria found within a cell have two membranes? How does the emergence of endosymbotic theory change the way humans view microorganisms? Will people be comfortable imaginning that the life functions of pants and animals, including their own, are actually dependent on the coexistence of many different microscopic pieces?arrow_forwardMicrobiologists have announced the discovery of over 30 new species of bacteria that thrive between the teeth and gums of humans. The bacteria could not be grown in the researcher's laboratories, nor were any of them ever observed via and kind of microscopy. If they couldn't culture them or see them, how could the researchers know they discovered a new species? If they couldn't examine the cells for the presence of a nucleus, how did they determine that the organisms were prokaryotes and not eukaryotes?arrow_forward
- compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells a) protein reproduction b) transport of materialsarrow_forwardHow does the emergence of endosymbiotic theory change the way humans view microorganisms? Will people be comfortable imagining that the life functions of plants and animals, including their own, are actually dependent on the coexistence of many different microscopic pieces? This question is not answered yetarrow_forwardA scientist has discovered a new species and is tasked with identifying which of the kingdoms of life the organism might fit. Multicellular with nuclei Presence of a cell wall containing chitin Heterotrophic Non-motile Question options: Fungi Protista Plantae Animalia Protists are a group of organisms that are eukaryotic. However, they are a diverse group, with some of the members of the group having a more recent common ancestor with plants while others have a more recent common ancestor with animals. Algae are protists that are more closely related to plants than any other group. Which characteristics would algae share with plants but NOT with animals? Question options: DNA Ribosomes Chloroplasts Mitochondriaarrow_forward
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