Determine the point groups for a. Ethane (staggered conformation) b. Ethane (eclipsed conformation) c. Chloroethane (staggered conformation) d. 1,2-Dichloroethane (staggered anti conformation)

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Determine the point groups for
a. Ethane (staggered conformation)
b. Ethane (eclipsed conformation)
c. Chloroethane (staggered conformation)
d. 1,2-Dichloroethane (staggered anti conformation)

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for Ethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction :

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with staggered conformation is D₃_d.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ethane in staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 1

Ethane with staggered conformation has a C₃ rotational axis that passes through C-C bond. There are 3 C₂ rotational axes that will be perpendicular to the C₃ rotational axis. It passes through the mid point of the C-C bond and doesnot have any σ_h plane. The point group of ethane in the staggered conformation is D₃_d as it contains 3 σ_d planes which has two carbons as well as anti two hydrogens.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for Ethane with eclipsed conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with eclipsed conformation is D₃_h.

Explanation of Solution

The structure for ethane in eclipsed conformation is

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 2

C₃-rotational axis that passes through C-C bond is present in ethane in eclipsed conformation. This conformation has three C₂ axes which are perpendicular to the principal C₃ rotational axes and it passes through the mid-point of the C-C bond. The point group of the eclipsed ethane molecule is D₃_h as it has a plane of σ_h which is perpendicular to the C₃-rotational axis.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for chloroethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction : A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group in chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of Chloroethane with staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 3

The staggered conformation of chloroethane do not have any rotational axis. σ plane is present which contains two carbons as well as chlorine and an anti-hydroen of Cl. Therefore the point group of chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is C₂_h.

Explanation of Solution

The staggered anti-conformation of 1,2-dichloroethane has C₂ rotational axis and it passes through the mid-point of C-C bond. This is perpendicular to the plane of Cl-C-C-Cl. The point group of the molecule is C₂_h as it has only one σ_h plane and it is perpendicular to the C₂ rotational axis.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Determine the point groups for
a. Ethane (staggered conformation)
b. Ethane (eclipsed conformation)
c. Chloroethane (staggered conformation)
d. 1,2-Dichloroethane (staggered anti conformation)

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for Ethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction :

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with staggered conformation is D₃_d.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ethane in staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 1

Ethane with staggered conformation has a C₃ rotational axis that passes through C-C bond. There are 3 C₂ rotational axes that will be perpendicular to the C₃ rotational axis. It passes through the mid point of the C-C bond and doesnot have any σ_h plane. The point group of ethane in the staggered conformation is D₃_d as it contains 3 σ_d planes which has two carbons as well as anti two hydrogens.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for Ethane with eclipsed conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with eclipsed conformation is D₃_h.

Explanation of Solution

The structure for ethane in eclipsed conformation is

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 2

C₃-rotational axis that passes through C-C bond is present in ethane in eclipsed conformation. This conformation has three C₂ axes which are perpendicular to the principal C₃ rotational axes and it passes through the mid-point of the C-C bond. The point group of the eclipsed ethane molecule is D₃_h as it has a plane of σ_h which is perpendicular to the C₃-rotational axis.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for chloroethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction : A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group in chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of Chloroethane with staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 3

The staggered conformation of chloroethane do not have any rotational axis. σ plane is present which contains two carbons as well as chlorine and an anti-hydroen of Cl. Therefore the point group of chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is C₂_h.

Explanation of Solution

The staggered anti-conformation of 1,2-dichloroethane has C₂ rotational axis and it passes through the mid-point of C-C bond. This is perpendicular to the plane of Cl-C-C-Cl. The point group of the molecule is C₂_h as it has only one σ_h plane and it is perpendicular to the C₂ rotational axis.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Determine the point groups for
a. Ethane (staggered conformation)
b. Ethane (eclipsed conformation)
c. Chloroethane (staggered conformation)
d. 1,2-Dichloroethane (staggered anti conformation)

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for Ethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction :

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with staggered conformation is D₃_d.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ethane in staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 1

Ethane with staggered conformation has a C₃ rotational axis that passes through C-C bond. There are 3 C₂ rotational axes that will be perpendicular to the C₃ rotational axis. It passes through the mid point of the C-C bond and doesnot have any σ_h plane. The point group of ethane in the staggered conformation is D₃_d as it contains 3 σ_d planes which has two carbons as well as anti two hydrogens.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for Ethane with eclipsed conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with eclipsed conformation is D₃_h.

Explanation of Solution

The structure for ethane in eclipsed conformation is

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 2

C₃-rotational axis that passes through C-C bond is present in ethane in eclipsed conformation. This conformation has three C₂ axes which are perpendicular to the principal C₃ rotational axes and it passes through the mid-point of the C-C bond. The point group of the eclipsed ethane molecule is D₃_h as it has a plane of σ_h which is perpendicular to the C₃-rotational axis.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for chloroethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction : A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group in chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of Chloroethane with staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 3

The staggered conformation of chloroethane do not have any rotational axis. σ plane is present which contains two carbons as well as chlorine and an anti-hydroen of Cl. Therefore the point group of chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is C₂_h.

Explanation of Solution

The staggered anti-conformation of 1,2-dichloroethane has C₂ rotational axis and it passes through the mid-point of C-C bond. This is perpendicular to the plane of Cl-C-C-Cl. The point group of the molecule is C₂_h as it has only one σ_h plane and it is perpendicular to the C₂ rotational axis.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P

Determine the point groups for
a. Ethane (staggered conformation)
b. Ethane (eclipsed conformation)
c. Chloroethane (staggered conformation)
d. 1,2-Dichloroethane (staggered anti conformation)

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for Ethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction :

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with staggered conformation is D₃_d.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ethane in staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 1

Ethane with staggered conformation has a C₃ rotational axis that passes through C-C bond. There are 3 C₂ rotational axes that will be perpendicular to the C₃ rotational axis. It passes through the mid point of the C-C bond and doesnot have any σ_h plane. The point group of ethane in the staggered conformation is D₃_d as it contains 3 σ_d planes which has two carbons as well as anti two hydrogens.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for Ethane with eclipsed conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with eclipsed conformation is D₃_h.

Explanation of Solution

The structure for ethane in eclipsed conformation is

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 2

C₃-rotational axis that passes through C-C bond is present in ethane in eclipsed conformation. This conformation has three C₂ axes which are perpendicular to the principal C₃ rotational axes and it passes through the mid-point of the C-C bond. The point group of the eclipsed ethane molecule is D₃_h as it has a plane of σ_h which is perpendicular to the C₃-rotational axis.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for chloroethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction : A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group in chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of Chloroethane with staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 3

The staggered conformation of chloroethane do not have any rotational axis. σ plane is present which contains two carbons as well as chlorine and an anti-hydroen of Cl. Therefore the point group of chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is C₂_h.

Explanation of Solution

The staggered anti-conformation of 1,2-dichloroethane has C₂ rotational axis and it passes through the mid-point of C-C bond. This is perpendicular to the plane of Cl-C-C-Cl. The point group of the molecule is C₂_h as it has only one σ_h plane and it is perpendicular to the C₂ rotational axis.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for Ethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction :

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with staggered conformation is D₃_d.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ethane in staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 1

Ethane with staggered conformation has a C₃ rotational axis that passes through C-C bond. There are 3 C₂ rotational axes that will be perpendicular to the C₃ rotational axis. It passes through the mid point of the C-C bond and doesnot have any σ_h plane. The point group of ethane in the staggered conformation is D₃_d as it contains 3 σ_d planes which has two carbons as well as anti two hydrogens.

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for Ethane with eclipsed conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with eclipsed conformation is D₃_h.

Explanation of Solution

The structure for ethane in eclipsed conformation is

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 2

C₃-rotational axis that passes through C-C bond is present in ethane in eclipsed conformation. This conformation has three C₂ axes which are perpendicular to the principal C₃ rotational axes and it passes through the mid-point of the C-C bond. The point group of the eclipsed ethane molecule is D₃_h as it has a plane of σ_h which is perpendicular to the C₃-rotational axis.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for chloroethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction : A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group in chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of Chloroethane with staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 3

The staggered conformation of chloroethane do not have any rotational axis. σ plane is present which contains two carbons as well as chlorine and an anti-hydroen of Cl. Therefore the point group of chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is C₂_h.

Explanation of Solution

The staggered anti-conformation of 1,2-dichloroethane has C₂ rotational axis and it passes through the mid-point of C-C bond. This is perpendicular to the plane of Cl-C-C-Cl. The point group of the molecule is C₂_h as it has only one σ_h plane and it is perpendicular to the C₂ rotational axis.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for Ethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction :

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with staggered conformation is D₃_d.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ethane in staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 1

Ethane with staggered conformation has a C₃ rotational axis that passes through C-C bond. There are 3 C₂ rotational axes that will be perpendicular to the C₃ rotational axis. It passes through the mid point of the C-C bond and doesnot have any σ_h plane. The point group of ethane in the staggered conformation is D₃_d as it contains 3 σ_d planes which has two carbons as well as anti two hydrogens.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for Ethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction :

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with staggered conformation is D₃_d.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

The structure of ethane in staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 1

Ethane with staggered conformation has a C₃ rotational axis that passes through C-C bond. There are 3 C₂ rotational axes that will be perpendicular to the C₃ rotational axis. It passes through the mid point of the C-C bond and doesnot have any σ_h plane. The point group of ethane in the staggered conformation is D₃_d as it contains 3 σ_d planes which has two carbons as well as anti two hydrogens.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for Ethane with eclipsed conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with eclipsed conformation is D₃_h.

Explanation of Solution

The structure for ethane in eclipsed conformation is

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 2

C₃-rotational axis that passes through C-C bond is present in ethane in eclipsed conformation. This conformation has three C₂ axes which are perpendicular to the principal C₃ rotational axes and it passes through the mid-point of the C-C bond. The point group of the eclipsed ethane molecule is D₃_h as it has a plane of σ_h which is perpendicular to the C₃-rotational axis.

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for Ethane with eclipsed conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer 20

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of ethane with eclipsed conformation is D₃_h.

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

The structure for ethane in eclipsed conformation is

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 2

C₃-rotational axis that passes through C-C bond is present in ethane in eclipsed conformation. This conformation has three C₂ axes which are perpendicular to the principal C₃ rotational axes and it passes through the mid-point of the C-C bond. The point group of the eclipsed ethane molecule is D₃_h as it has a plane of σ_h which is perpendicular to the C₃-rotational axis.

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for chloroethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction : A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group in chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of Chloroethane with staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 3

The staggered conformation of chloroethane do not have any rotational axis. σ plane is present which contains two carbons as well as chlorine and an anti-hydroen of Cl. Therefore the point group of chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Answer 23

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 24

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The point group for chloroethane with staggered conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction : A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer 27

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group in chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

The structure of Chloroethane with staggered conformation can be drawn as

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 4, Problem 4.1P , additional homework tip 3

The staggered conformation of chloroethane do not have any rotational axis. σ plane is present which contains two carbons as well as chlorine and an anti-hydroen of Cl. Therefore the point group of chloroethane with staggered conformation is C_s.

Answer 29

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is C₂_h.

Explanation of Solution

The staggered anti-conformation of 1,2-dichloroethane has C₂ rotational axis and it passes through the mid-point of C-C bond. This is perpendicular to the plane of Cl-C-C-Cl. The point group of the molecule is C₂_h as it has only one σ_h plane and it is perpendicular to the C₂ rotational axis.

Answer 30

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 31

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The point group for 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A point group defines all the operations of symmetry that could be performed on a molecule, results in an indistinguishable conformation from the original.

Answer 34

Answer to Problem 4.1P

The point group of 1,2-dichloroethane with staggered anti-conformation is C₂_h.

Answer 35

Explanation of Solution

The staggered anti-conformation of 1,2-dichloroethane has C₂ rotational axis and it passes through the mid-point of C-C bond. This is perpendicular to the plane of Cl-C-C-Cl. The point group of the molecule is C₂_h as it has only one σ_h plane and it is perpendicular to the C₂ rotational axis.